地方集群网络、信息溢出效应与中国ICT产品出口地理网络扩张

研究中国ICT产品的出口贸易扩张有助于理解"全球-地方"互动视角下国际贸易与国内产业地理的相互作用。本文构建地方集群网络和信息溢出效应促进产品出口扩张的机制分析框架,利用2000—2016年中国海关库数据,探究中国ICT产品出口地理网络扩张机制。研究发现:(1)中国ICT产品出口源地从沿海地区向内陆地区扩张,出口目的地扩张重点在不同时间段存在差异。(2)中东部省份出口到东亚和北美、西部省份出口到北美和西欧的贸易扩张较为显著。(3)面板Probit模型分析表明,地方集群网络和信息溢出效应能够增加出口源地-目的地层面ICT产品出口额,提升出口专业化程度。

Local cluster networks,information spillover effects and export network expansion of China's ICT products

Exploring the export network expansion of China′s ICT products helps to better understand the global-local interactions,which would shed light on the relationship between international trade and internal geography of industries.We propose that export network expansion of ICT products would condition on local cluster networks and information spillover effects among exporters.Local cluster networks represent effects of cluster specialization and cognitive proximity while information spillovers include export experience spillovers and spillovers from foreign investment.Using Customs Data of China,this study describes the dynamic pattern of export network expansion of China′s ICT products and conducts an empirical analysis to identify the driving forces of export network expansion of China′s ICT products.Since the beginning of the 21st century,China′s ICT export has experienced four stages of development:vigorous and rapid growth(2000-2006),financial crisis response(2007-2009),recovery and adjustment(2010-2013)and the ebb of foreign investment(2014-2016).China′s ICT export is characterized by high proportion of foreign enterprises and large share of processing trade.It is found that although still concentrated in the coastal region,ICT exporters have been increased from the inland provinces such as Sichuan and Chongqing and export markets have been expanded from the traditional markets such as USA,Japan,and western European countries to the emerging markets including Southeast Asia,Latin America and the BRICS.It is further found that significant export expansion has been reported in the following trade flows:from the coastal provinces to East Asia and North America,from the western provinces to North America and Western Europe and from the central provinces to North America and East Asia.Although the market expansion priority differs between two periods of 2000-2008 and 2009-2016,there are some similarities in the major trade flows and the market destinations of ICT export among different provinces.Panel data regressions further show that both local cluster networks and information spillover effects have significant positive effect on the growth and specialization of China′s ICT export and the results are robust with the consideration of labor costs and external transportation linkages.