不同规模工厂化养猪的成本及效率分析

我国生猪养殖规模和水平参差不齐,本文以26家规模化猪场为研究对象,其中包括规模Ⅰ(2000头以下基础母猪)3家、规模Ⅱ(2000~3000头基础母猪)3家、规模Ⅲ(3000~4000头基础母猪)4家、规模Ⅳ(4000头以上基础母猪)16家,比较不同养殖规模工厂化养猪场的生产成本和生产效率。结果表明:不同规模的工业化猪场在生产成本与生产效率方面有显著差异。随着规模增加,生长育肥期饲料成本、兽药疫苗、固定资产折旧及人工费用降低,生长育肥阶段成本明显下降,出栏猪成本与规模呈现负相关。仔猪哺乳及仔猪保育阶段对管理水平要求较高,随着养殖规模增大,管理难度相应加大,需要强调实施精细管理,以维持平均每头基础母猪年提供断奶仔猪头数(PSY)以及平均每头基础母猪年提供出栏猪头数(MSY),达到最大限度的规模效益。

Analysis of the Cost and Efficiency of Intensive Pig Production with Different Scales in China

China is the largest country in the world for raising pigs. But pig production of standardized and scale were different. In this study, we collected data from 26 large-scale pig farm including 3 scale Ⅰ pig farm(basic sow number less than 2000), 3 scale Ⅱ pig farms(basic sow number 2000～3000), 4 scale Ⅲ pig farms(basic sow number 3000～4000) and scale Ⅳ pig farms(basic sow number more than 4000). The production cost and production efficiency of large-scale pig production were compared between 4 different scale pig farms. The results show that production cost and production efficiency was significantly affected on scale of pig farms. As the scales of the pig farms increases, the overall production cost and production efficiency of the pig farm could be reduced. But management was more difficult in bigger scale of pig farms. High quality management was performed for higher weaned pigs/sow/year(PSY), market pigs/sow/year(MSY) and economic benefit in pig farms.