基于连续介质模型的海底隧道渗流问题分析

 与普通山岭隧道不同，海底隧道的一个显著的特点就是有着无限的水源对海底隧道进行补给。海底隧道开挖引起的地下水渗流带来两方面的问题：一是结构水荷载的确定问题，二是涌水量的预测问题。将围岩看作各向同性连续介质，针对这两方面的问题进行研究。明确孔隙介质中水压力的实质；根据国内外最新研究成果，针对山岭隧道和海底隧道不同的边界条件，对各向同性渗透系数下平面半无限含水空间圆形隧道稳定渗流的涌水量和水压力分布的解析解进行分析；以青岛胶州湾海底隧道为工程背景，采用数值方法比较应力场对渗流场的影响，以及围岩渗透系数、水深、注浆圈渗透系数和注浆圈厚度的改变对围岩孔隙水压力和洞内涌水量的影响。分析结果表明：隧道开挖的成拱效应对围岩孔隙水压力的分布和洞内涌水量的大小影响不大；在不考虑渗流场和应力场耦合作用、水深一定条件下，渗透系数的改变不会影响毛洞孔隙水压力的分布；隧道洞内涌水量随着围岩渗透系数或围岩上覆海水深度的增大呈线性增大；注浆圈渗透系数的减小和注浆圈厚度的增大都可以达到减小隧道洞内涌水量的目的，在实际施工中应该在注浆的经济性和其堵水效果两方面进行综合分析，确定最优化的注浆参数。

ANALYSIS OF SEEPAGE PROBLEM INDUCED BY SUBSEA TUNNEL EXCAVATION BASED ON CONTINUUM MEDIUM MODEL

One of the most prominent characters of subsea tunnel is that there is enriched water body because of the infinitude of the ocean above. There are mainly about two seepage problems induced by subsea tunnel excavation：one is determination of seepage pressure，another is the water inflow. Isotropic continuum medium model is adopted to analyze these two problems mentioned above. The essential of water pressure is studied；and conclusions are drawn. According to the latest research，some analytical models which are based on steady-state groundwater inflow into a drained circular tunnel in a semi-infinite aquifer connected with water pressure and water inflow are compared. The subsea tunnel in Kiaochow Bay is taken as background of the study. The influence of stress filed on seepage field is studied；and the effects of changes of surrounding rock permeability coefficient，water depth，permeability coefficient and thickness of grouting ring are analyzed which can be adopted for this particular project. According to the research，the pore water pressure and water inflow induced by tunnel excavation can be hardly affected by arching effect. Without consideration of fluid-solid coupling effect，if keeping the water level above horizontal plane fixed，the distribution of pore water pressure will not change with permeability coefficient of surrounding rock. The water inflow increases with the change of permeability coefficient of surrounding rock or water depth above surrounding rock. Both the decrease of permeability coefficient and the increase of thickness of grouting ring can reduce ground water inflow，but there exists an optimal value in grouting parameters. In practice，the decision should be made carefully between economy and bulkhead effect to confirm the optimal grouting parameters.