示范点社区慢病现况及主要危险因素分析

目的 了解示范点社区慢性非传染性疾病（以下简称慢病）流行现况及主要危险因素，为有效地在社区开展慢病预防和控制工作提供参考。方法 采用整群抽样法，示范点社区内6966名居民被抽取为调查对象，分别进行了身高、体重、腰围、血压测量及问卷调查。结果 社区内19种疾病的患病率前五位依次为高血压（31.93％）、慢性胃肠疾病（17．60％）、慢性支气管炎（11．00％）、冠心病（7，97％）、骨质疏松或骨折（5.76％）。超重与肥胖、吸烟、缺乏体育锻炼等是慢病的主要危险因素。结论 示范点社区居民高血压患病率高、超重与肥胖、吸烟、饮酒及缺乏体育锻炼的现状已经对其健康构成威胁。因此，应该采取相应的干预措施，降低危险因素的暴露水平，预防和控制高血压，减少心脑血管疾病的发生。

Analysis of Epidemic Prevalence of Non-communicable Diseases and the Major Risk Factors in an Exampling Community

Objective To understand the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the major risk factors to provide the basic date for non-communicable disease prevention and control. Methods A total of 6,966 subjects mostly aged over 35 years old in an exampling community were sampled and studied.The body height,body weight,waist circumstance,and blood pressure were measured and questionnaires were used in this survey. Results The 5 highest prevalence disorders were hypertension(31.93%),chronic digestive system disease(17.60%),respiratory system disease((11.00%)),coronary heart disease(7.97%),and osteoporosis and/or fractures(5.76%).Overweight(31.55%),obesity((6.98%)),smoking(24.65%),alcohol drinking(13.18%) and lack of exercises(49.57%) are major risk factors for these NCDs. Conclusions The high prevalence of hypertension,overweight,obesity,smoking and alcohol drinking and lack of exercises have posed a threat to population health in the exampling community.Therefore,intervention measures should be(taken) to debase the exposure levels of major risk factors,prevention and treatment of hypertension to reduce the occurrence of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.