加强常规免疫策略分析

目的探讨卫生部/联合国儿童基金会加强常规免疫合作项目综合干预策略的可行性、有效性和适宜性,为项目实施和调整策略提供依据。方法在西部地区4个省（自治区）16个项目县,每个县按东、西、南、北、中各随机抽取1个乡（镇、街道,下同）,每个乡抽取4个村（居委会,下同）,每个村随机抽取7名2006年出生的儿童,共2215名儿童,调查建立预防接种证（卡）和免疫规划5种疫苗接种情况。结果儿童建立预防接种卡率从基线调查的93.1%上升到97.7%,上升了4.6个百分点;建立预防接种证率从基线调查的89.4%上升到96.3%,上升了6.9个百分点。调查儿童的免疫规划5种疫苗接种率上升幅度为10%～35%,开展项目前后接种率的差异有统计学意义（秩和检验P〈0.001）。冷链运转频次较项目实施前有所增加。预防接种证查验学校数、查验儿童数、补预防接种证数、补种数均有明显提高。结论加强常规免疫合作项目的综合策略效果显著。

Study on Comprehensive Strategies of Strenghening Routine Immunization Program

Objective To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of the comprehensive strategies to strengthen the routine immunization program, and to provide the evidence for adjusting the strategies for implementing the project in coming years. Methods Five townships were selected from each county according to the location of east, west, south, north and middle. Four villages were selected from each township, and seven children were selected from each village randomly. There were 2215 children were investigated totally. Results Compared with results of the baseline survey, the rate of holding immunization card increased from 89.4% to 96.3%. The coverage of 5 kinds of EPI vaccines increased between 10%-35%. The difference of coverage before and after implementing the project was significant P〈0.001. The frequency of cold chain running increased than before implementing the project. The targeted school number of immunization card school entry, the number of children checked, the number of redistributed immunization card, and the number of children catched-up vaccine increased obviously. Conclusion The comprehensive strategies of the strengthening routine immunization program have a great effect.