两种赤眼蜂对小菜蛾卵的寄生能力和种间竞争

在实验室内研究了本地天敌拟澳洲赤眼蜂和外来天敌短管赤眼蜂在不同卵龄和不同空间条件下对小菜蛾卵的寄生和种间竞争.结果表明,在0～62 h的小菜蛾卵上,拟澳洲赤眼蜂和短管赤眼蜂单独接蜂时对小菜蛾卵的寄生率、子代羽化率、子代雌蜂百分率随卵龄下降,而后代发育死亡率则随卵龄增加.短管赤眼蜂对各龄小菜蛾卵的寄生率、子代羽化率、子代雌蜂百分率均较拟澳洲赤眼蜂高,而子代蜂的发育死亡率则较拟澳洲赤眼蜂低.两种蜂对小菜蛾卵龄的要求都不太严格,在小于48 h的小菜蛾卵上都能产卵寄生,且寄生率高于50%,但短管赤眼蜂寄生对小菜蛾卵龄的要求更宽松.在两种蜂混合接蜂时,后代中短管赤眼蜂的比例在各处理中都高于50%,且随寄主卵龄增加,当小菜蛾卵龄大于48 h后,短管赤眼蜂的比例高达100%,说明短管赤眼蜂对小菜蛾有更强的寄生能力和竞争能力.拟澳洲赤眼蜂和短管赤眼蜂单独接蜂时,在4～22cm^3空间范围内,各处理间对小菜蛾卵的寄生率没有显著差异,而短管赤眼蜂的寄生率(76.4%～86%)略低于拟澳洲赤眼蜂(88.7%～92.3%).当空间大于53 cm^3时,寄生率显著下降,在102cm^3空间时显著降低到50%.混合接蜂时各处理间寄生率差异不显著.两种接蜂方式对后代羽化率和雌蜂百分率没有太大影响,蜂的后代发育死亡率在两种蜂单独接蜂时随空间而增加.在4～102cm^3空间范围内,混合接蜂后代雄蜂中短管赤眼蜂从80%以上降低到20%以下,说明短管赤眼蜂的竞争能力随接蜂空间的加大而降低.

Parasitizing ability and interspecific competition of Trichogramma confusum Viggiani and T. pretiosum Riley on the eggs of Plutella xylostella (L.) in the laboratory

The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), is an important, damaging insect of cruciferous crops worldwide and since the 1970s has been the most serious insect pest on crucifers in South China. Indiscriminate use of synthetic broad-spectrum chemicals for control of DBM has led to the development of serious resistance. Therefore alternative control programs including biological control of DBM are needed urgently. Egg parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma have been used in biological control for al...