德国实现能源转型的措施与挑战

德国于2010年9月发布《能源方案》,提出到2050年完成"能源转型",实现以可再生能源为主的能源供应系统。《能源方案》中德国政府还决定延长核电站运营年数,将核能作为可再生能源发展成熟之前的过渡技术。2011年3月福岛核事故的发生使德国政府再次决定彻底放弃核能,加速进入可再生能源时代。本文介绍了《能源方案》中推动"能源转型"的各项政策措施,分析了德国在实现这一宏伟目标过程中将面临的挑战。

Measures and Challenges to Realize Energy Transformation in Germany

The German Government has published its "Energy Concept" in September 2010, aiming to complete the so called "Energy Transformation" by 2050 and to use renewable energy as the major resource in energy supply system. In the "Energy Concept", the German Government has also decided to extend the lifetime of the nuclear power plants, which is considered as the transition technology before renewable energy technologies are maturely developed. However, this decision is withdrawn after the Fukushima nuclear accident which happened in March 2011. Therefore, the step to the renewable era must be accelerated. In this paper, the major policies in the "Energy Concept" for the promotion of the "Energy Transformation" are described. Additionally, the challenges Germany is going to face during the realization of its ambitious targets are discussed as well.