黄土丘陵沟壑区土地利用空间分布与地形因子关系研究

以地处黄土丘陵沟壑区的安塞县为例,以土地利用现状图和数字高程模型为基础数据,在ArcGIS9.3软件的支持下,分别从高程、坡度、坡向三个方面对地形数据和土地利用数据进行叠加分析处理,研究土地利用空间分布格局与地形因子的关系。研究结果表明:土地利用空间分布与地形因子关系密切,并呈现一定的规律性。随着海拔的增加,草地的分布比例增大,林地的分布比例先增大后减小,耕地、园地、水域和工矿用地均呈减少趋势;平坦地区是耕地、园地、水域和工矿用地的优势分布区,大坡度区域是林地和草地的优势分布区;坡向由阴坡转向阳坡的过程中,林地的分布比例减小,耕地、园地、草地和工矿用地的分布比例增加,水域基本不受坡向影响。在此基础上,构建研究区土地利用空间分布三维景观图,再现土地利用空间分布与地理环境的关系。该研究有助于实现不同地形上土地利用类型的合理布局,优化该区的土地利用结构。

Relationship between terrain factors and spatial distribution of land use in loess hilly and gully area

The relationship bewteen land use spatial pattern and terrain factors in Ansai county,Shaanxi province was studied.Based on the digital elevation model(DEM) and land use data,with the support of GIS software ArcGIS 9.3,the terrain data of elevation,gradient,slope aspect and land use data were overlaid.The results showed that spatial pattern of land use has a close relationship with terrain factors which influence land cover and its distribution obviously.With the rise of altitude,the area of forestland appears to have the trend of becoming large first and then reducing,the area of grassland increases,but the area of cultivated land,orchard,water body and industrial land decreases.Flat areas are the advantageous regions of cultivated land,orchard,water body and industrial land,meanwhile steep slope areas are the advantageous regions of forestland and grassland.When the aspect is from shady to sunny slope,the area of cultivated land,orchard,grassland and industrial land increase,the area of forestland decrease,the aspect has less impact on water body.In the end,the three-dimension visualization model of land use spatial distribution was created,which displays the relationship between land use distribution and environment directly.This study will help to optimize the structure of land use,achieve the rational distribution of land use on different terrain.