基于CDM碳汇造林再造林项目的森林碳汇扶贫绩效评价指标体系研究

【目的】为了增加森林碳汇扶贫透明度,提高扶贫主体履约率,矫正扶贫行动偏差,进而提高森林碳汇扶贫绩效,需要构建一种科学的森林碳汇扶贫绩效评价指标体系。【方法】基于统筹区域扶贫与精准扶贫的视角,借鉴阿马蒂亚·森的可行能力理论,从经济效益、发展能力、发展机会等3个维度构建了森林碳汇扶贫绩效评价指标体系,运用层次分析-熵值定权法,以诺华川西南林业碳汇、社区和生物多样性项目为例,对森林碳汇扶贫绩效进行实证测度。【结果】基于CDM碳汇造林再造林项目的实证分析,构建了以经济效益、发展能力、发展机会为准则层,就业、收入、人力资本、基础设施、产业拓展、低碳金融、生态环境为指标层的评价体系。经济效益、发展能力、发展机会对森林碳汇扶贫总绩效的贡献度存在差异:经济效益能在短时期内促进贫困对象增收,其扶贫绩效显现的时滞性较短; 而发展机会创设之后还需提高贫困者自身发展能力,其扶贫绩效显现的时滞性较长,但各准则层在森林碳汇扶贫绩效提升中均占据着重要地位,发挥着重要作用,不能偏废其一。【结论】森林碳汇扶贫绩效随着项目的深入实施逐步上升,扶贫效果得以不断显现; 各评价单元的扶贫绩效存在差异,需在扶贫工作中及时总结各区域的经验与不足,加强交流,不断提高森林碳汇扶贫绩效,充分发挥森林碳汇项目实施在扶贫中的作用。此次构建的森林碳汇扶贫绩效评价指标体系可为森林碳汇扶贫绩效评价提供一种相对客观、便捷的动态评价方法,能够运用于不同时空条件下的森林碳汇扶贫绩效跟踪评价。

A evaluation index system of forest carbon sequestration poverty alleviation performance based on the CDM Forest Carbon Sequestration Project

Abstract: 【Objective】Construct a scientific evaluation index system for evaluating the performance of forest carbon sequestration for poverty alleviation so as to increase transparency, to strengthen faithfulness and dedication of poverty alleviation bodies, and to correct the deviation of poverty alleviation measures. 【Method】 From the perspective of combining regional poverty alleviation and targeted poverty alleviation, based on Amartya Sen's theory of capability, this study constructed a performance evaluation index system for poverty alleviation by the Forestry Carbon Sequestration, Commodity, and Biodiversity Project of Novartis in the southwest Sichuan Province of China by taking into account the economic benefit, developmental ability, and opportunity availability for development, and by using analytic hierarchy process and entropy weighing method. 【Result】Based on the empirical analysis of the clean development mechanism(CDM)afforestation and reforestation project, the evaluation system of employment, income, human capital, infrastructure, industrial development, low carbon finance and ecological environment was developed on the basis of economic benefit, development ability, and development opportunity. There existed differences in the contributions of economic benefit, developmental ability and opportunities available for development to the overall poverty alleviation performance by forest carbon sequestration. With the indication that economic benefit enables poor people to gain more income in the short term, and has been reported within a relatively shorter time span. On the other hand, after creating opportunities for development, the developmental abilities of the poor should be correspondingly enhanced as well, which requires more time and denotes the long term effects. However, what should be highlighted is that each indicator in the system needs to be given equal weightage, as each of them plays an important role in improving poverty alleviation performance. 【Conclusion】 The performance of poverty alleviation increased with the further implementation of the forest carbon sequestration project, and the effect of poverty alleviation was achieved. The performance of poverty alleviation differed among the evaluated bodies, and summarizing the experience and reflecting on the deficiency of each region was frequently needed to strengthen exchanges and mutual learning to continuously improve the performance of poverty alleviation by forest carbon sequestration project. The performance evaluation index system of poverty alleviation by forest carbon sequestration developed in this study provides a relatively objective and convenient, dynamic evaluation method, which can be used for tracking the performance of poverty alleviation by forest carbon sequestration in different temporal and spatial conditions.