气候变化对生态系统服务影响的研究进展

气候变化是影响生态系统服务的重要驱动因素。气候变化影响下生态系统服务稳定持续的供给水平深刻影响着区域可持续发展能力。笔者通过分析国内外气候变化对生态系统服务影响的已有研究成果,全面系统总结了气候变化对生态系统服务影响的研究现状和存在问题,并展望了未来研究趋势。气候变化对生态系统服务影响研究的主要内容包括:气候变化对生态系统服务供给水平、生态系统服务相互关系、生态系统服务管理的影响以及极端气候事件对生态系统服务影响。分析认为,气候变化对生态系统服务影响的研究应在不同尺度气候变化对生态系统服务供给变化特征的影响,不同尺度气候变化影响下生态系统服务权衡与协同关系类型识别及其空间格局特点分析,气候变化影响下全球尺度生态系统服务可持续管理的评价指标体系和评价模型构建,区域生态系统服务保护规划,小尺度极端天气气候事件和未来极端气候事件对生态系统服务的影响等方面进行深入研究。气候变化对生态系统服务影响的研究可以深化生态系统服务变化驱动机理研究,为区域生态系统服务管理、生态环境保护政策制定提供科学依据。

Advances on impact of climate change on ecosystem services

Abstract: Climate change is one of the important driving factors affecting the ecosystem services. Sustainable development capacity was deeply affected by sustainable supply of ecosystem services under the influence of climate change. We analyzed the present situations and problems with current and forecast future research trends with regard to the impact of climate change on ecosystem services based on the analysis of existing research on the impact of climate change on ecosystem services nationally and globally. The primary contents of research on the impact of climate change on ecosystem services include the impacts of climate change on the supply levels, relationship between services, services management as well as impacts of extreme climate on ecosystem services. We think that climate change impacts on variation characteristics of supply levels of ecosystem services identifying types of trade-off and synergy and analysis of spatial patterns of these among ecosystem services on different scales should be strengthened. Furthermore, evaluation index systems and evaluation models for the sustainable management of ecosystem services under the influence of climate change on a global scale should be established. Meanwhile, protection planning for regional ecosystem services and research of the effects of extreme climate on the small scale and of future extreme climate on ecosystem services should be strengthened. Analyzing the impact of climate change on ecosystem services will elucidate the mechanisms of climate change in ecosystem services, and provide the scientific basis for the management of ecosystem services and forming of environmental protection policy.