发达与发展中国家癌症发病率与死亡率的比较与分析

  目的  分析发达国家与发展中国家的常见癌症发病情况与死亡率, 并将中国的癌症现状与之比较, 明确我国面临的主要癌症负担类型。  方法  各国家常见肿瘤的发病人数、发病率、死亡率及世界标化发病率等数据均来源于GLOBOCAN 2008。  结果  发达国家和发展中国家的恶性肿瘤发病第1位均是肺癌, 其次发达国家为结直肠癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌, 发展中国家的胃癌、乳腺癌和肝癌; 发达国家死亡率最高的分别依次为肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌, 发展中国家为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌。中国的肺癌发病率和死亡率均居第1位, 胃癌、肝癌发病及死亡率均高于发展中国家和发达国家, 乳腺癌的死亡率远低于发达国家亦低于其他发展中国家。预计到2020年, 中国新增发病和死亡人数最多的癌症是肺癌、胃癌和肝癌。  结论  不同国家的癌谱不同, 中国癌谱具有发达国家和发展中国家的双重特征。肺癌、胃癌及肝癌是威胁我国居民健康的主要恶性肿瘤, 并且未来十几年其增长速度较快, 是我国恶性肿瘤防控的重点。 

Comparison and Analysis of the Incidence and Mortality Rate of Cancer in Developed and Developing Countries

  Objectives  This work aims to analyze the incidence and mortality rates of common cancers in developed and developing countries around the world.The results were compared with those of in China to determine the major cancers in this country.  Methods  Relevant data, such as incidence number, incidence rate, and mortality rate of common cancers in all regions, were all based on GLOBOCAN 2008.  Results  Lung cancer had the highest incidence rate among malignant cancers in both developed and developing countries around the world.Other frequently observed cancers, from highest to lowest, were as follows: colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer in developed countries and stomach cancer, breast cancer, and liver cancer in developing countries.The cancer types with the most significant mortality rates, from highest to lowest, were as follows: lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer in developed countries and lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, and esophageal cancer in developing countries.In China, lung cancer had the highest incidence and mortality rate.The incidence and mortality rates of stomach cancer and liver cancer were both higher in China than in developed and developing countries all over the world.By 2020.lung cancer, stomach cancer, and liver cancer will be the top three cancer types with the highest incidence and mortality rates in China.  Conclusion  The incidence and mortality rates of different cancer types significantly vary across regions.In China, the trend in the rates of different cancer types was characteristic of those in both developed and developing countries. Lung cancer, stomach cancer, and liver cancer are the major malignant cancers that threaten the health of the Chinese population.Moreover, the effect of these cancer types will rapidly get worse over the next few decades.Thus, this study provides key insights for controlling these cancer types in China.