铀材料分析中的无机与同位素质谱法研究进展

综述了近年来中国工程物理研究院材料研究所应用无机与同位素质谱法进行铀材料分析的相关研究工作。在痕量铀同位素测量方面，发展了一种以氧化石墨烯作为电离增强剂的热电离质谱制样技术，显著增强了电离效率。在铀材料中杂质元素分析方面，开发了基于微流控芯片与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用的在线分离、分析方法，提高了分析的自动化程度。在金属铀中杂质元素的辉光放电质谱直接测定方面，基于相对灵敏度因子影响因素的研究基础，获得了一套普适性的相对灵敏度因子，实现了缺乏基体匹配标准物质时的准确测定。利用飞行时间-二次离子质谱法研究了铀及铀合金的偏析行为、夹杂物的表征、氢化/氧化腐蚀行为，为铀材料研究提供了表征手段。最后，对无机与同位素质谱法用于铀材料分析的发展前景进行了展望。

Research Development of Inorganic and Isotopic Mass Spectrometry in Analysis of Uranium Materials

This paper briefly reviews the recent research work on the application of inorganic and isotropic mass spectrometry in analysis of uranium materials in the Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics. In the measurement of trace uranium isotopes, a sample preparation technique using graphene oxide as ionization enhancer was developed, which greatly enhanced the ionization efficiency. In analysis of impurity elements in uranium materials, an on-line separation and analysis method based on microfluidic chip coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed to improve the automation of analysis. In the direct determination of impurity elements in uranium by glow discharge mass spectrometry, a set of universal relative sensitivity factors was obtained on the basis of studying the influencing factors of relative sensitivity factors, and the accurate determination of impurity elements in uranium without matrix matching reference materials was realized. Segregation behavior, inclusion characterization and hydrogenation/oxidation corrosion behavior of uranium and uranium alloys were studied by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), which provided a characterization method for the study of uranium materials. On the basis of summarizing the research progress of inorganic and isotropic mass spectrometry in uranium material analysis, the prospect of its development was forecasted.