兔颅脑棍棒打击伤模型的建立及实验条件探讨

目的建立用于模拟法医棍棒打击致颅脑损伤的动物模型。方法在BIM-II型生物撞击机的基础上自行设计铁质棍棒，将24只新西兰大白兔分为对照组、轻伤组与重伤组，致伤后6h进行解剖，观察损伤形态，并取材做常规病理，行CT及脑组织含水量检查。结果致伤组均出现不同程度的神经系统阳性体征，6h内轻伤组死亡率1／10，重伤组6／10，形态学及CT改变主要表现为不同程度的头皮血肿、颅骨骨折、硬膜外血肿、硬膜下血肿、蛛网膜下腔出血及脑损伤。各组之间脑含水量差异有统计学意义。结论在严格控制实验参数的情况下，该动物模型重复性好，实验结果稳定，能够较好地模拟法医检案中铁棒损伤形态，可用于法医学中颅脑钝性损伤机制的实验研究。

Establishment of a head injury by club model in rabbits and experimental conditions

Objective To establish an animal model to replicate the injury by club in forensic medicine. Methods Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were divided into control group（ n = 4 ） , minor injury group（ n = 10）, and severe injury group（ n = 10）. Based on the BIM- 11 Horizontal Bio-impact Machine, a self-designed iron bar was used to produce head injury by club. Six hours after injury, all the rabbits were subjected to a CT examination and dissected to observe the injury morphology and undergo routine pathological examination. Four control, six minor and severe rabbits were given moisture content examination. Results Varying degrees of positive signs of the nervous system were observed in all the in- jured rabbits within 6 hours. The mortality rate was 1/10 in the minor injury group and 6/10 in the severe injury group. The morphological changes consisted of different levels of scalp hematoma, skull fracture, epidural hematoma, subdural hemato- ma, subarechnoid hemorrhage and brain injury. The difference in moisture content between the three groups was of statisti- cal significance. Conclusion Under the rigidly-controlled experimental condition, this animal model produces good repro- ducibility and stable results. Meanwhile, it can simulate the morphology of injury by club and be used to study the mecha- nism of injury by club in forensic medicine.