水源地突发水污染公共安全事件应急预留水量需求估测

社会经济发展过程中各种紧急情况下的水资源非常规需求不可避免,要求配置适当的应急预留水量。应急预留水量需求估测是其优化配置的前提和基础。针对应急预留水量需求的特点,提出了基于风险分析的案例推理技术与定额法相结合的应急预留水量需求估测方法:根据故障树法分析水源地突发水污染公共安全事件爆发的18条风险路径,以此作为案例推理特征属性,得出当前水源地突发水污染可能导致的供水中断时间,结合定额标准估测应急预留水量需求量。最后,以辽宁省大伙房水源地为案例说明应急预留水量估测方法的应用过程。该方法可以为今后应急预留水量的配置、储备等提供依据和模型支持。

Emergency Reserved Water Demand Estimation for Public Events of Accidental Water Source Pollution

It is inevitable that there is unconventional water demand under different emergencies with the development of economy and society, so certain emergency reserved water should be allocated in initial water right allocation. Emergency reserved water demand estimation is the premise and basis for emergency reserved water allocation. According to the particularity of emergency reserved water demand, the combination method of case-based reasoning and quota method is built based on risk analysis. Eighteen risk paths of accidental water source pollution are got by fault tree method and taken as characteristic attributes for case-based reasoning to calculate downtimes of water supply, and then emergency reserved water is estimated with quota standard. Finally, the model is applied to Dahuofang reservoir in Liaoning Province. The estimation method provides basis and model support for emergency reserved water allocation and preservation.