基于驾驶行为的隧道交通标志影响特征及作用机理

合理设置隧道交通标志能够在一定程度上缓解隧道特殊环境引发的“时空隧道效应”。文中研究了高速公路隧道内部交通标志（限速标志、出口预告标志）对驾驶行为的影响特性，首先选取特长隧道作为实验路段，通过驾驶模拟实验测试获取驾驶人细粒度微观行为数据，然后再考虑随机效应影响的条件下构建线性混合效应模型，揭示了隧道内部交通标志对驾驶行为的影响特征及作用机理。结果表明：不同影响区段内交通标志对驾驶行为的作用存在差异；在隧道内部设置限速标志能够一定程度上降低事故风险的发生概率，限速标志的重复设置一定程度上能提高驾驶人的操控能力；在隧道内部设置限速标志及出口距离预告标志有助于改善驾驶人空间控制能力、提高驾驶舒适度，其中，在距离隧道出口约小于1 km的影响区段内设置隧道出口距离预告标志有助于提高驾驶人的行车舒适性，在距离隧道出口2 km和1.5 km的影响区段内设置预告标志能在提高车辆控制能力的同时使驾驶人具有更高的行驶车速；此外，隧道交通标志作用下的驾驶行为受驾驶人性别、年龄、驾驶经验等特征属性影响，男性驾驶人的驾驶风险更低。

Influence Characteristics and Action Mechanism of Tunnel Traffic Signs Based on Driving Behavior

Reasonable setting of tunnel traffic signs can alleviate the “spatial-temporal tunnel effect” caused by the special environment of tunnels to a certain extent. This paper studied the influence of traffic signs (speed limit signs and exit warning signs) on driving behavior in highway tunnels. Firstly, it selected long tunnels as experimental sections, obtained fine-grained microscopic behavioral data of drivers through driving simulator, and constructed a linear mixed effect model considering the influence of random effects to reveal the influence characteristics and mechanism of traffic signs on driving behavior in tunnels. The results show that: there are differences in the effects of traffic signs on driving behavior in different influence zones; installation of speed limit signs inside the tunnel can reduce the probability of accident risk to a certain extent and the repeated setting of speed limit signs can improve drivers’ maneuvering ability to a certain extent; the setting of speed limit signs and exit distance warning signs inside the tunnel can help improve drivers’ spatial control ability and driving comfort. Among them, the installation of tunnel exit distance warning signs in the impact zone of less than 1km from the tunnel exit helps to improve the driving comfort of drivers; the installation of tunnel exit distance warning signs in the impact zone of 2 km and 1.5 km from the tunnel exit can improve the vehicle control ability and at the same time make drivers have a higher driving speed. In addition, driving behavior under the effect of tunnel traffic signs is influenced by driver’s gender, age, driving experience and other characteristic attributes, with male drivers having a lower driving risk.