广西秋冬季暴雨天气分型及基本特征

利用1980-2016年站点观测数据和NCEP再分析资料对广西秋冬季暴雨进行了天气学分型，并用合成分析的方法给出了各类暴雨的天气形势特征。结果表明：广西秋冬季暴雨可分为台风类、切变类和副高边缘类三类。其中，前两类暴雨发生次数最多，主要发生在9-10月份。高低空系统配置显示，秋冬季暴雨发生时对流层上层都伴有较强的高空急流，而对流层中低层的影响系统不尽相同；在暴雨期间，前两类暴雨副高减弱东退，第三类暴雨副高则加强西伸；广西秋冬季三种类型暴雨在水汽、热力、动力及形成机制方面也各有异同，但与汛期暴雨相比，各类暴雨的主要影响系统位置稍有差异，无论是水汽条件，还是动力条件，秋冬季暴雨比汛期暴雨要求都高，其中副高边缘类暴雨在不同季节差异最为明显。

Classification and Basic Characteristics of Rainstorm Weather in Autumn and Winter in Guangxi

Based on 1980-2016 station observation data and NCEP reanalysis data, this paper classifies the rainstorm in autumn and winter in Guangxi, and gives the weather situation characteristics of all kinds of rainstorm by using synthetic analysis method. The rainstorm in autumn and winter in Guangxi can be divided into three types: Typhoon type, Shear type and Subtropical high edge type. The first two types of rainstorm occur the most frequently, mainly occurring from September to October. The configuration of high and low air systems shows that there are strong upper-level jet streams in the upper troposphere when heavy rain occurs in autumn and winter, while the influence systems in the middle and lower troposphere are different; When the first two types of rainstorms occur, the subtropical high weakens and recedes eastward, while the third type rainstorms occur, the subtropical high strengthens and extends westward; There are also similarities and differences among the three types of rainstorm in Guangxi in autumn and winter in terms of water vapor, heat, power and formation mechanism. But compared with the rainstorm in flood season, the main influence system position of the rainstorm in autumn and winter is slightly different from that in flood season. The rainstorm requirement in autumn and winter is higher than that in flood season in the water vapor condition and the dynamic condition, and the rainstorm at the edge of subtropical high has the most obvious difference in different seasons.