2016 - 2017年广西市售食用农产品监测评价分析

目的 了解广西市场销售食用农产品的质量安全状况，为指导食用农产品监管提供参考依据。方法 根据《国家食品安全抽检计划》和《国家食品安全监督抽检实施细则》，随机抽取2016 - 2017年广西市售食用农产品1 629批次，检测重金属、农药残留和兽药残留指标，通过计算合格率、超标倍数和暴露比值来评价安全风险。结果 抽检监测食用农产品1 629批次，总体合格率97.05%，其中蔬菜、水果、畜禽肉类、水产品和鲜蛋类合格率分别为96.49%、98.85%、98.43%、94.55%和91.67%。农药残留超标是主要不合格原因，占50.00%。蔬菜类中毒死蜱最大超标31倍，铅最大超标17倍；畜禽肉类检出兽药恩诺沙星最大超标3.01倍；水果中氧乐果最大超标6倍。蔬菜中氧乐果、氟虫腈、毒死蜱和克百威等4种农药及水产品中镉的最大暴露比值均大于2，畜禽肉中兽药污染物的最大暴露量比值均小于1。结论 广西市售食用农产品总体合格水平较高，农药残留超标成为主要不合格原因，蔬菜中部分农药暴露比值较高，需进一步引起重视和加强监管。

Monitoring and evaluation analysis of edible agricultural products sold in Guangxi market from 2016 to 2017

Objective The aim of this study was to understand the quality and safety situation of edible agricultural products sold in Guangxi market, and thus to provide reference for guiding the supervision of these edible agricultural products. Methods According to the National Food Safety Sampling Inspection Plan and the Implementation Rules of National State Food Safety Supervision and Sampling Inspection, 1629 batches of edible agricultural products sold in Guangxi market from 2016 to 2017 were randomly selected to test the level of heavy metal, pesticide residues and veterinary drug residues, so as to evaluate the safety risks by calculating the qualified rate, excess rate and exposure ratio. Results The overall qualified rate in the 1629 batches of edible agricultural products was 97.05%, of which the qualified rates of vegetables, fruits, meat/poultry, aquatic products and fresh eggs were 96.49%, 98.85%, 98.43%, 94.55% and 91.67% respectively. Excessive pesticide residues were the main cause of disqualification, which accounted for 50%. The residues of chlorpyrifos in vegetable exceeded the standard by 31 times at most, and the lead content exceeded the standard by 17 times at most. The content of enoxacin(veterinary drug) in meat and poultry was found to exceed the standard by 3.01 times. The content of omethoate in fruits exceeded the standard by 6 times at most. The maximum exposure ratios of 4 kinds of pesticides, namely, omethoate, fipronil, chlorpyrifos and carbofuran in vegetables, and exposure ratios of cadmium in aquatic products were all greater than 2, the maximum exposure ratio of veterinary drug pollutants in livestock and poultry was less than 1. Conclusion The overall qualification level of edible agricultural products sold in Guangxi was relatively high, the excessive pesticide residues were the main cause of disqualification, and the exposure ratio of some pesticides in vegetables was relatively high, which required further attention and supervision.