不同亚型注意缺陷多动障碍儿童视觉工作记忆研究

目的:探讨视觉图形工作记忆、视觉空间工作记忆在不同亚型注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童及对照组儿童的脑反应特征及其差异。方法:采用1∶1病例对照研究,对6~12岁102例ADHD儿童〔注意缺陷型(PI)59例,多动/冲动型(HI)20例,混合型(CT)23例〕和102例正常对照组儿童进行视觉图形工作记忆、视觉空间工作记忆测试。结果:①ADHD儿童视觉图形工作记忆、视觉空间工作记忆各项指标均显著低于对照组儿童(P<0.05、P<0.01)。②PI型、CT型ADHD儿童视觉图形工作记忆、视觉空间工作记忆各项指标均显著低于对照组(P<0.05、P<0.01),且PI型、CT型ADHD儿童在图形记忆正确数、相反顺序点圆数低于HI型ADHD儿童(P<0.05)。结论:不同亚型ADHD儿童存在明显的视觉图形记忆、视觉空间记忆处理能力不足,执行功能损害,而且各亚型之间的损害程度有所不同。

Study on Vision Working Memory Test in children、with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in different subtypes

Objective:To find out response characters and differences of Vision Working Memory Test among three different subtypes ADHD and the age-matched normal controls.Methods:102 ADHD subjects(Predominantly inattentive type,PI: 59 cases;Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive type,HI: 20 cases;Combined type,CT:23 cases) age from 6-12 and 102 normal children in the control group were included in this study.All children examed the Vision Working Memory Test.Results:①Compared to the normal control group,the vision graph memory and vision space memory of ADHD group showed significantly lower(P<0.05,P<0.01).②Compared to every group,PI type and CT type were less in the scores of all indices of vision graph memory and vision space memory than the normal control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).And PI type and CT type were less in the number of vision graph memory and the number of opposite order pointing circle than HI type(P<0.05).Conclusion:Results indicate that children with ADHD have significantly vision graph memory and vision space memory deficiency and executive-function impairment.And there are different impairment characters among three different subtypes ADHD.