廊坊市大气污染特征与污染物排放源研究

通过廊坊市2014年12个监测站点的大气污染物监测数据,分析了廊坊市大气污染的主要特征,包括空气质量水平、大气污染的季节与空间分布.结果发现,虽然与2013年相比2014年空气质量有所改善,但12个站点空气质量超标均十分严重.秋季、冬季与春季PM_(2.5)为主要的空气污染物,夏季O3日最大8 h平均浓度频繁超标,需要引起重视.为实现廊坊市空气质量模拟,制定最优空气质量改善政策,基于污染源普查、环境统计数据,编制了廊坊市主要大气污染物排放清单.工业部门中,电力、热力生产和供应业、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业是SO_2、NO_x和PM_(2.5)的重要来源.VOCs则主要来自于化学原料和化学制品制造业、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业、食品制造业.另外,廊坊全市道路扬尘和建筑施工扬尘污染贡献了PM2.5的38.6%,但扬尘的管理十分薄弱.同时结果表明,廊坊市黄标车排放在交通源排放中比重较高.因此,需要对上述重点排放源进行有效控制,从而改善廊坊市空气质量.

Air pollution characteristics and emission sources in Langfang City

Based on monitoring data of 12 stations, air pollution characteristics, including air quality level, seasonal variation and regional distribution of major air pollutants in Langfang were investigated. Although air quality was improved in 2014 when compared with 2013, air pollutant concentrations remained substantially higher than the national standard in all 12 monitoring stations. PM_2.5 was the major pollutant in autumn, winter, and spring, while in summer the maximum daily 8-hour average concentration levels of O₃ were frequently higher than the national standard. For simulating air quality in Langfang City and further formulating air quality control policies, emission inventory of major air pollutants was developed based on the outcome of pollution sources survey and environmental statistical data analysis. Production and supply of electric and thermal power and iron and steel production and pressing industries were the two major industrial sources for SO₂, NO_x and PM_2.5, while manufacture of raw chemical materials and chemical products, iron and steel production and pressing industries as well as food manufacturing contributed significantly to VOCs emissions. Dust from road and construction sites contributed 38.6% to total emission of PM_2.5. However, dust control was ineffective in practice. It was also noted that the yellow-label cars still accounted for a great share of total traffic emission. Effective controls were urgently needed on those major emission sources to improve the air quality of Langfang City.