随机产出下商务模式对生鲜农产品供应链运作的影响

生鲜农产品远距离运输中损耗现象的普遍存在，造成上下游企业之间采取的商务模式对于其供应链决策和运作有显著影响.考虑生鲜农产品随机产出和价值损耗的特性，分别构建了离岸价格和到岸价格两种商务模式下的分散决策博弈模型，证明了两种模式下的博弈均衡解均存在且唯一，同时发现系统取得内点均衡时，生产商的物流服务水平均与物流服务成本弹性函数与新鲜度水平弹性函数的比值相关.以集中决策为标杆，对比分析了各情形下的决策结果，发现系统取得内点均衡或最优时，计划满足率与决策方式和商务模式均无关；离岸价格模式下的库存因子低于到岸价格模式，且均低于集中决策的情形.进一步通过算例横向比较两种商务模式，发现：当转移支付价格和外购成本分别变化时，到岸价格模式下的零售商期望利润总是高于离岸价格模式，满足特定条件时，到岸价格模式是离岸价格模式的帕累托改善，到岸价格模式的实施有利于改善供应链系统的整体运作状况.

Impact of business model on operation of the fresh agri-product supply chain under random output

The common loss phenomenon in the long distance transportation of fresh agri-products results in the significant influence of the business model adopted by upstream and downstream enterprises on their supply chain decision-making and operation. Considering the characteristics of fresh agri-products' random output and value loss, we build two decentralized decision-making game models under the FOB and the CIF model respectively. Then, the existence and uniqueness of the game equilibrium solutions under two models are proved and it is also found that the manufacturer's logistics service levels are connected with the ratio of logistics service cost elasticity function and freshness level elasticity function when the systems achieve interior point equilibrium. Taking centralized decision-making as the benchmark, the decision results in each situation are compared and analyzed. Consider the case that the system achieves internal point equilibrium or optimal solution, we found the plan satisfaction rate has no relationship with the decision-making mode and business model, the inventory factor under the FOB model is lower than that under CIF model and they both are lower than that under the centralized decision-making situation. Furthermore, a numerical example is given to compare the two business models. Research shows the retailer's expect profit under CIF model is always higher than that under FOB model, while the manufacturer's expect profit under CIF is higher than that under FOB model in certain conditions. Therefore, CIF model is a Pareto improvement of FOB model when the conditions is satisfied and the implement of CIF model is conducive to improving the in operations condition of the whole supply chain system.