碳钢奥氏体不锈钢材料在水电工程中应用的局限性

通过对水电站典型应用材料(55钢、1Cr18Ni9Ti、0Cr13Ni5Mo)在冲蚀磨损过程中电化学腐蚀及抗冲蚀磨损性能研究,区分出纯磨损、纯腐蚀、磨损对腐蚀的促进分量及腐蚀对磨损的促进分量等在材料失效过程中各占的比例,考察了试验材料的抗冲蚀磨损特性及其磨损与腐蚀间的交互作用,分析了其失效机制。结果表明:不同的冲蚀速度下,0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢的冲蚀磨损失重率最小,55钢最大;纯磨损是材料失去的主要方式:55钢虽然纯磨损量较小,但腐蚀及其磨损与腐蚀的交互作用失去量大,1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢虽然纯腐蚀量小,但纯磨损量大,因而都有应用的局限性。

APPLIED LIMITATION OF CARBON STEEL AND AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL MATERIALS IN HYDROELECTRIC ENGINEERING

The performances of electrochemistry corrosion and erosion-wear resistant for type materials used as turbine parts were investigated in erosion, and the proportion of pure wear and pure corrosion and the promoting weight of wear and corrosion each other in the failure of materials were also distinguished. The anti-erosion properties and the influence of the synergetic action between erosion and corrosion has been studied, and the failure mechanism has been analyzed. The test results show that the erosion loss rates of 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steels were least and 55 steel wear most among the total test material at various erosion speeds. Among the total wear weight loss, pure wear is dominant. The weight loss rate of pure wearof 55 steel is small, but corrosion and the synergetic action between erosion and corrosion is increased with the increasing erosion rates, the weight loss rate of pure corrosion is small, but the weight loss of pure wear is great, so the application of two materials is limited.