哺乳动物垂体后叶比较化学神经解剖学Ⅰ.P物质免疫反应神经纤维在人、猴、狗、猫及大鼠垂体后叶的分布比较

垂体后叶是重要的神经内分泌器官。对于垂体后叶的形态和功能研究是神经科学研究的热门课题。但以往对垂体后叶的研究大都是以大鼠、兔等低等动物为材料，而动物种间的差异很大。仅以大鼠等啮齿动物的资料为根据难以得出全面的解释。为此，作者对包括人、恒河猴在内的多种哺乳动物的垂体后叶内13种神经活性物质的分布进行了比较研究，得到了较为全面的资料。还发现2种新的神经纤维也存在于哺乳动物垂体后叶。本文用免疫组织化学方法证明了P物质免疫反应神经纤维不但存在于大鼠垂体后叶，也存在于人、猴、狗和猫的垂体后叶。比较五种动物垂体后叶P物质免疫反应神经纤维的密度，以狗垂体后叶为最高，人和大鼠次之，猴垂体有稀疏的分布，猫垂体后叶密度最低。在人和猴垂体后叶，P物质免疫反应神经纤维主要分布在垂体柄、神经叶的中央部和腹后部，其它部位仅见散在纤维。在狗垂体后叶背部和漏斗壁可见非常密集的纤维网，腹后部仅见中等密度P物质阳性纤维。猫漏斗壁的纤维束为中等密度，并沿漏斗隐窝壁直达漏斗隐窝底壁，其它部位仅见稀少的阳性纤维。大鼠垂体后叶周边部纤维密度高于中央区，吻侧端又稍多于尾侧端。

COMPARATIVE CHEMICAL NEUROANATOMY OF MAMMALIAN POSTERIOR PITUITARY Ⅰ. COMPARATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS OF SUBSTANCE P IMMUNOREACTIVE NERVE FIBERS IN THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY OF THE HUMAN BEING,THE MONKEY,THE DOG,THE CAT AND THE RAT

The posterior pituitary of mammalian, a very important endocrine gland, is composed of great amount unmylinated nerve fibers mainly from the hypothalamus and a kind glia-pituicyte. It was commonly known that the nerve fibers containing other kinds of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides were found in the posterior pituitary in recent years. The data on the chemical neuroanatomy of posterior pituitaries were however mainly from the that of the rats. Due to the remarkable difference between different species of animals, it is hard to imagine that the scientists could correctly explain the complicated phenomena of life using the conclusion from the rat. The details and comparative materials on the chemical neuroanatomy of posterior pituitary from different species including human, monkey were reported in serial studies. In this paper the distributions and morphology of SPir nerve fibers in the posterior pituitary of the human, the monkey, the dog, the cat and the rat were studied and compared. 7monkeys, 7 dogs, 6 cats and 20 rats were used in the experiment. The pituitaries of 5 young human died in accidents were got within 4 hours after death. Using immunohis toe he mical methods, the author investigated the morphology and the distribution of the SP-nerve fibers in the posterior pituitary of several species including the monkey and the human, and comparative studies were done in the present paper. SP-ir nerve fibers were present in the posterior pituitaries of the rat as well as in that of the human, the monkey, the dog and the cat. The highest density of SP-ir nerve fibers were demonstrated in the posterior pituitary of the dog, the lowest in that of the cat. Moderate density was seen in that of the human and the rat. Scattered distribution of this kind of nerve fibers was identified in that of the monkey. In the posterior pituitaries of the human and the monkey, this nerve fibers were mainly distributed in the stalk, the central part and the ventro-posterior areas. Scattered nerve fibers were in other parts of posterior pituitary of the human and the monkey. Very dense reticula of this nerve fibers was seen in the dorsal part and the infundibular wall, moderate density of nerve fibers was demonstrated in the ventro-posterior part. Moderate density of nerve fibers in the infundibular wall of the cat were traced until the bottle wall of infundibulum. Only single nerve fibers were observed in other part of cat posterior pituitary. SP-ir nerve fibers were distributed in all areas of the posterior pituitary in the rat. But higher density was seen in the peripheral area than in the central part, and in the oral part it was higher than in detail part.