中国苜蓿繁育概述

回顾了建国以来国内苜蓿的育种发展状况,进行了苜蓿的种质评价与筛选,地方品种的系统化,育成了抗寒新品种草原1号、草原2号,抗病品种中兰一号,耐盐品种中苜一号,耐牧根蘖品种公农3号、中图3号、中图4号,高产的公农1号等。提出了在我国苜蓿育种方法上,杂交育种与基本育种方法在当代育种中将继续存在,生物技术在育种中的应用将加快育种进程;指出了我国苜蓿育种存在的问题是育种体系不健全,育种手段方法落后,抗性育种缓慢,对引入品种缺少理论与实践的鉴定、评价,国内育成品种少,高层知识力量薄弱等。

Survey of Chinese Alfalfa Breeding

This paper reviewed the development of alfalfa (Medicago saliva) breedingsince 1949. Scientists in China have appraised domestic alfalfa cultures, introduced foreign cultures, systemized and registered domestic cultures. Our scientists have bred Can Yuan No. 1 and No. 2 alfalfa for cold resistance, ZhongLanNo. 1 alfalfa for disease resistance, Gong Nong No. 3 with creping rooted and GongNong No. 1 with high yield. The methods of alfalfa breeding included the primary methods such as selective breeding and hybridized breeding that are still in use and biological engineering in breeding will fasten the process of breeding, There are many problems in alfalfa breeding in China, such as breeding system is not prefect, breeding methods are out of date, a large amount of foreign cultures were introduced while only a few domestic cultures were used and a lack of researchers with higher education is another problem et al. All these problems should be solved in the near future.