肥料配施对马铃薯产量和品质的影响

为了探明内蒙古武川地区定位施肥条件下最佳的施肥配比，以‘克新一号’一级原种为试验材料，采用随机区组设计，研究了有机肥和氮磷钾配施、单施有机肥、氮磷钾配施、氮磷配施、氮钾配施、磷钾配施、空白对照2年连续定位施肥对马铃薯产量和品质的影响。结果表明：肥料配施条件下各施肥处理马铃薯产量和商品薯率较对照显著提高，增产幅度和商品薯率的增加幅度分别为5.8%~49.67%，13.97%~55.14%，以有机肥和氮磷钾配施处理效果最明显，其次是氮磷钾配施处理；肥料配施条件下各施肥处理可显著提高马铃薯块茎大量矿质元素含量、直连淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、还原糖含量以及粗蛋白和氨基酸含量，以有机肥和氮磷钾配施处理效果最为明显；微量元素锌含量以有机肥处理最高(16.00 mg/kg)，钙、硒含量以氮钾配施处理最高(208.40 mg/kg、8.40 μg/kg)，而铁含量以氮磷配施处理最高(206.03 mg/kg)。有机肥和氮磷钾配施处理马铃薯产量最高且品质较好，是最适合当地马铃薯种植的施肥配比。

Effects of Fertilizers Application on Yield and Quality of Potato

The experiment was conducted to identify the best fertilizer ratio under the condition of located fertilizer of Wuchuan areas Inner, ‘Kexin1’ as experimental materials, random block design was adopted to study effects of M+NPK, M, NPK, NP, NK, PK, CK two years continuous positioning fertilization on yield and quality of potato. The results showed that, effects of fertilizers application on yield and rate of tuber are significant, yield increased range from 5.8% to 49.76%, rate of commercial potato increased range from 13.97% to 55.14%. M+NPK was the most significant, NPK was the second. Effects of fertilizers application on improve the content of N, P, K, amylase, amylopectin, reducing sugar, protein and amino acids, M+NPK was the most significant. The content of Zn was the highest in the treatment of M (16.00 mg/kg), the content of Ca, Se was the highest in the treatment of NK (208.40 mg/kg, 8.40 μg/kg), the content of Fe was the highest in the treatment of NP (206.03 mg/kg). The yield and quality of potato of M+NPK were higher, and it was the suitable match for local plant.