Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Kolah-Ghazi granitoids of Iran: Insights into the Jurassic Sanandaj-Sirjan magmatic arc

Kolah-Ghazi granitoid (KGG), situated in the southern part of the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (SNSZ), Iran, is a peraluminous, high K calc-alkaline, cordierite-bearing S-type body that is mainly composed of monzogranite, granodorite and syenogranite. Zircon U–Pb ages indicate that the crystallization of the main body occurred from 175 Ma to 167 Ma. Two kinds of xenoliths are found in KKG rocks: (i) xenoliths of partially melted pelites including cordierite xenocrysts and aluminoslicates, and (ii) mafic microgranular enclaves that reflect the input of mantle-derived mafic magmas. Field observations and geochemical data of KGG rocks are consistent with their derivation from a multiple sources including melts of metasediments and mantle-derived melts. We infer that these magmas originated by the anatexis of a metasedimentary source (mixture of metapelite and metagreywacke) in the mid- to lower-crust under low water-vapor pressures (0.5-1 Kbar) and temperature of ～800 °C. KGG is the product of biotite incongruent melting of this metasedimentary source. S-type granites are commonly thought to be produced in continent-continent collision tectonic environment. However, trace element discrimination diagrams show that S-type KGG rocks formed in an arc-related environment. The roll-back of Neo- Tethyan subducting slab accompanying oblique subduction in Late Triassic to Early Jurassic time induced trench rollback, back arc basin opening and filling with turbidite flysch and molasse- type siliciclastic sediments of the Shemshak Group on the overriding plate. Further changes in the subducting slab to flat subduction in Middle Jurassic time, the time of peak magmatism in the SNSZ, led to thickening and high temperature-low pressure metamorphism of the backarc turbidite deposits and consequent anatexis of the metasedimentary source to produce the KGG S- type rocks along with several other I-type granitoids in the SNSZ.