施用不同氮、磷、钾肥和有机肥对‘红阳’猕猴桃生长及产量的影响

为阐明施肥与猕猴桃产量、品质的关系,优化施肥配方,以猕猴桃品种‘红阳’(Actinidia chinensis‘Hongyang’)为试验材料,采用田间小区栽培方法研究了不同施肥处理对‘红阳’植株生长、叶片光合特性及果实产量的影响。研究结果显示,N、P、K任何一种元素的缺乏均会影响植株生长并降低果实产量;均衡施用N、P、K肥可以提高叶片光合作用,促进植株新梢和主干茎的生长,从而提高果实产量;如果N和K比例过大则会降低叶片气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和净光合速率,从而减少果实产量;增施有机肥对提高果实产量效果不显著,但可以提高单果重,过量施用有机肥则会显著降低产量。本研究结果表明,均衡施用N、P、K并配施一定的有机肥(N 250 g/株、P2O5250 g/株、K2O 250 g/株、有机肥6 kg/株)能显著促进植株的生长并提高果实产量。氮、磷、钾肥与有机肥配合施用是提高猕猴桃果园养分管理的有效方法。

Effect of Different N,P, K and Organic Fertilization Rates on Growth and Yield of Actinidia chinensis‘Hongyang’

The effects of different nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and organic fertilizing treatments on growth, leaf photosynthesis characteristics, yield and quality in field experiments were studied using kiwifruit orchards (Actinidia chinensis ‘Hongyang’) in Dujiangyan of Sichuan Province. Results showed that deficiency of N, P, and K in soil constrained plant growth and decreased yield in kiwifruit trees. The combination of N, P and K fertilization could significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate (P_n) of leaves, promote the growth of new shoots and trunk, and increase yield. However, high ratios of N or K in N:P:K combination decreased stomatal conductance (G_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), and P_n of leaves by stomatal limitation, and reduced yield. Organic fertilizer application had no significant effect on yield but increased average fruit weight, whereas excess application of organic fertilizer reduced fruit yield. In general, an appropriate combination of N,P,K and organic fertilization (N 560 g/plant, P₂O₅ 250 g/plant, K₂O 250 g/plant, organic fertilizer 6 kg/plant) greatly promoted plant growth, yield and quality of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis ‘Hongyang’) in our field experiments.