混合型注意缺陷多动障碍儿童工作记忆特征的神经心理研究

【目的】 探索混合型注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD)儿童语音工作记忆和视觉空间工作记忆的特征。 【方法】 采用威斯康星卡片分类测验(Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, WCST)、方块图敲击试验(tapping test)以及中国修订-韦氏儿童智力量表(C-WISC)对39名混合型ADHD儿童(男29例,女10例)和35名正常儿童(男26例,女9例)进行了测试分析。 【结果】 混合型ADHD儿童在WCST中的完成分类数和概念化水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05),完成第一个分类所需应答数、持续性应答数和坚持性错误数明显高于对照组(P<0.05),但两组的总正确率和不能维持完整分类数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在方块图敲击测试中的顺向答题数、顺向得分、逆向答题数以及逆向得分都明显低于对照组(P<0.05),且在C-WISC的算术及数字广度分测试中的得分也明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。 【结论】 混合型ADHD儿童存在执行功能缺陷,其语音工作记忆和视觉空间工作记忆均受到罹及。

Neuropsychological investigation of working memory characteristics in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

【Objective】 To probe the characteristics of visual-spatial and verbal working memory of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). 【Methods】 39 children(29 boys and 10 girls) with ADHD and the 35 normal children(26 boys and 9 girls) were arranged with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST),tapping test and China Version-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(C-WISC),then analyzed the results. 【Results】 In WCST,the ADHD group had obviously lower scores in categories control(CC) and conceptual level response(RFP)(P<0.05),and had significantly more preservation errors(PE) and more trials to complete the first category(RF)(P<0.05).In tapping test,the RD group got lower scores in the items of orthodromic click number,orthodromic click score,reverse click number,reverse click score(P<0.05).Besides,they also got lower scores in the arithmetic test and digital span task(P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 The executive function in ADHD children is significantly impaired,including the visual-spatial and verbal working memory.