上海市郊设施大棚次生盐渍化土壤盐分含量调查及典型对应分析

调查和分析了上海市郊出现耕作障碍的设施栽培土壤的盐分特征.随着种植年限的增加,设施栽培盐渍化土壤中含盐量表现出先升高后降低的趋势.大棚盐渍化土壤主要以微盐渍土、轻度盐渍土和盐土为主,分别占17.39%、56.52%和13.04%,其中崇明县芦笋大棚土壤的盐渍化程度最高.大棚土壤盐分离子组成中,阳离子以Ca2+和Na+为主,其次为Mg2+;阴离子以NO-3和SO2-4为主,其次为Cl-.施肥方式、种植年限、作物种类和管理水平都会影响盐渍化程度,使得土壤含盐量和盐分离子的变化较大.典型对应分析发现,Ca2+、Mg2+和NO-3含量受种植年限影响较大;长期施用单一肥料会加重土壤次生盐渍化,混施化肥和有机肥的土壤盐渍化程度较低;根据土壤中盐分离子与样方的关系,上海市郊设施栽培土壤可划分为4种类型,每种类型土壤受不同盐分离子的影响,其中以受Ca2+、Mg2+、NO-3和Cl-影响的土壤最多,应重点控制.

Investigation and Canonical Correspondence Analysis of Salinity Contents in Secondary Salinization Greenhouse Soils in Shanghai Suburb

The salinity characteristics of greenhouse soils with cropping obstacles in Shanghai suburb were investigated and analyzed. The salinity contents of the salinization greenhouse soils showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increasing cropping duration. The salinized soils mainly included slightly salted, mildly salted and salted soils, which accounted for 17.39%, 56.52% and 13.04%, respectively. Among them, the degree of salinity in greenhouse soil planted with asparagus in Chongming County was the highest. Among the salt ions in greenhouse soils, the cations were mainly Ca²⁺ and Na⁺, while the anions were mainly NO₃^- and SO₄^2-. The degree of salinity was mainly influenced by fertilization mode, cropping duration, crop type and management level, which led to the great variation in the salinity contents and salt ions. Canonical correspondence analysis found that the contents of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and NO₃^- in greenhouse soils were greatly affected by cropping duration, and the degree of salinity would be enhanced and attenuated with long-term application of single fertilizer and mixed application of chemical fertilizer and organic manure, respectively. The greenhouse soils in Shanghai suburb could be classified as four patterns influenced by the relationship between salinity ions and samples, and the most soils were influenced by Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, NO₃^- and Cl^-, which required to be primarily controlled.