医疗废物焚烧飞灰脱毒减害技术研究进展

医疗废物焚烧飞灰（MWIFA）富含高浓度的氯盐、碳组分、重金属和二噁英（PCDD/Fs），已被列入我国《国家危险废物名录》，管理处置不当将对环境和人类健康造成严重危害。关于医疗废物焚烧飞灰处理处置的综合研究较少。介绍了医疗废物焚烧飞灰中重金属及二噁英等有毒有害物质的污染特征，分析了化学药剂稳定法、水泥固化技术、热处理技术、水热处理技术和浮选技术等多种飞灰处理技术的研究现状，重点阐述了上述后3种技术用于处理医疗废物焚烧飞灰中重金属和二噁英的研究进展及存在的问题，并对其应用前景进行了展望。

RESEARCH PROGRESS IN DETOXIFICATION TECHNOLOGY OF MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATOR FLY ASH

Medical waste incinerator fly ash (MWIFA) has been classified as hazardous waste in China due to its special characteristics of high concentrations of chlorine salt, carbon constituents, heavy metals, and dioxins (PCDD/Fs), which may cause serious harm to environment and human health if managed and disposed improperly. There were few comprehensive studies on treatment and disposal of MWIFA. The pollution characteristics of heavy metals and dioxins in MWIFA were presented in this study. Then, the status of various treatment technologies of fly ash, such as chemical stabilization method, cement solidification, thermal treatment, hydrothermal treatment and flotation technology were reviewed. Finally, the development and disadvantage of thermal treatment, hydrothermal treatment and flotation technology in treating heavy metals and dioxins of MWIFA were described in detail, and the prospect was also predicted in the future.