云南石林喀斯特小生境木本植物多样性特征

喀斯特生境与生物多样性的关系及对人为干扰的响应是喀斯特生态恢复的重要内容。以石林世界地质公园为例对此进行研究。从喀斯特溶痕与植物生长发育关系角度看,石林的小生境可分出节理溶沟、裂隙溶沟、楔状槽沟、深溶蚀坑、溶蚀石堆、浅溶蚀盘、溶蚀穿洞、溶蚀井或圆形溶槽和溶蚀廊道等9种。这些小生境的长度在31~340 cm,宽度在10~261 cm。在原生林、次生林、灌丛和灌丛草地等四个群落中调查了各个小生境的木本植物,共记录40科92种,个体数11420株,其中以溶蚀廊道的木本植物总数最多,溶蚀穿洞最少。物种和数量保持最稳定的小生境是溶蚀石堆和裂隙溶沟。各小生境群落间的物种相似性指数很低。裂隙溶沟、深溶蚀坑、楔状槽沟、溶蚀石堆等小生境在人为强烈干扰后,仍保留有部分乡土植物繁殖体,其他小生境缺乏,这些繁殖体对生态严重退化区的喀斯特植被恢复具有重要意义。喀斯特生境的尺度影响森林植被的自然恢复。保护喀斯特地质遗迹可以促进生物多样性恢复和保护,石林世界地质公园提供了例证。

A Preliminary Study on Flora Diversity of Karst Microhabitat in Shilin Park,Yunnan,China

The relationship between karst habitats and biodiversity as well as its respond to human disturbance is a key factor to karst ecological restoration.The paper studied the issue in the Shilin geopark.The microhabitats in Shilin karst park has been divided into the following kinds: cleftkarren,grike,cutters,deep solution pits,solution rock debris,solution basin or large kamentiza,canernous weathering or bedding caverns,solution well or shaft,solution corridors.The ranges of microhabitats is 31~340 cm in length and 10~261 cm in width.Plant communities in the every habitat include four types: original forest,secondary forest,brush and brush-grass.11 420 stems of woody plants were counted and belonged to 40 families and 92 species.The maximum numbers of woody plant species fell into solution corridors,the minimum into bedding caverns with no woody species found in large kamentiza.Little change of woody plant species was found in solution rock debris,grike from original forest to brush-grass community.The micro habitats like grike,deep solution pits,cutters and solution rock debris preserve non sexual propagales,such as stumps and roots,of key plant species of local communities after serious disturbance and other microhabitats lacks these propagales.It is very important for local vegetations restoration especially for zonal vegetations.The efficiency of natural restoration of local vegetations depends on the karst microhabitats in serious ecologically-deteriorated karst system.Preserving geological heritages and geological landscape can promote ecological restoration and Shilin Karst World Geopark provides the good example for that.