3种典型多孔高温改性固废材料对磺胺二甲嘧啶的吸附特性

以畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆和采煤废弃物这3种典型多孔固体废料为原料,用低氧控温炭化法制成牛粪炭和秸秆炭以及用煅烧后的煤矸石炭对磺胺二甲嘧啶(SMZ)进行批处理吸附实验.通过吸附动力学和等温吸附平衡研究牛粪炭、秸秆炭和煤矸石炭对SMZ的吸附特性,并结合FE-SEM、 FT-IR、 Boehm滴定、 BET及Zeta电位滴定分析表征手段探讨了其吸附机制.结果表明, 3种炭材料对SMZ的吸附在24 h时基本达到平衡. 3种炭材料对SMZ的吸附动力学均符合准二级动力学方程,R~2在0.996 8～0.999 9之间,吸附速率随着炭材料表面有效吸附位点的减少而减小.吸附过程主要由膜扩散、颗粒内扩散和平衡阶段这3个步骤组成,颗粒内扩散和膜扩散共同控制吸附速率.等温吸附数据更符合Freundlich模型,R~2在0.987 4～0.999 7之间,主要为物理吸附,是自发的放热反应. 3种炭材料的最大吸附量依次为牛粪炭(19.64 mg·g~(-1))煤矸石炭(12.06 mg·g~(-1))秸秆炭(9.16 mg·g~(-1)).SMZ在3种炭材料上的吸附机制主要有:分子间的氢键作用、多分子层的表面静电吸附作用和孔隙填充等.其中,静电吸附为主要吸附机制.牛粪炭吸附性能最佳可能是由于其具有较为丰富的含氧官能团、较多的负电荷和较大的比表面积和孔容.

Adsorption Characteristics of Sulfamethazine on Three Typical Porous High-temperature Modified Solid Waste Materials

Three typical porous solid wastes, including livestock manure, crop straw, and coal mining waste, were used as raw materials to prepare cattle manure charcoal, straw charcoal, and coal gangue charcoal by low-oxygen controlling temperature carbonization and calcination. Batch adsorption experiments of sulfamethazine (SMZ) in water were carried out. Adsorption kinetics and isothermal adsorption equilibrium were used to investigate the adsorption characteristics of SMZ on cattle dung charcoal, straw charcoal, and coal gangue charcoal, and the adsorption mechanism was discussed by means of field-electron scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Boehm titration, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, and zeta potentiometric titration. The results showed that the adsorption of SMZ on the three carbon materials reached equilibrium at 24 h. The adsorption kinetics of SMZ on three kinds of carbon materials agreed with the quasi-second-order kinetics equation. R² ranged from 0.9968 to 0.9999, and the adsorption rate decreased with the decrease in effective adsorption sites on the surface of carbon materials. The adsorption process mainly consists of three steps:membrane diffusion, intraparticle diffusion, and the equilibrium stage. Both intraparticle diffusion and membrane diffusion control the adsorption rate. Isothermal adsorption is more consistent with the Freundlich model. R² is between 0.9874 and 0.9997. It is mainly physical adsorption and spontaneous exothermic reaction. The maximum adsorption capacity of the three kinds of carbon materials was cattle dung carbon (19.64 mg·g^-1) > coal gangue carbon (12.06 mg·g^-1) > straw carbon (9.16 mg·g^-1). The adsorption mechanism of SMZ on the three kinds of carbon materials mainly includes hydrogen bonding between molecules, surface electrostatic adsorption of multi-molecular layers, and pore filling. Of these, electrostatic adsorption is the main adsorption mechanism. The best adsorption performance of cattle manure charcoal may be due to its rich oxygen-containing functional groups, more negative charges, and larger specific surface area and pore volume.