四川省自然灾害多发地区居民灾害健康知识行为现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查灾害多发地区居民健康知识和行为现状及其影响因素，为进一步开展针对性健康教育提供科学依据。 方法 对四川省什邡市、泸县和越西县的居民进行问卷调查。 结果 本研究共调查1600人，健康知识方面，呼吸道传染病知识知晓率为9.4%，消化道传染病知识知晓率为16.2%，急救电话知晓率为66.6%；地震室外安全做法知晓率为91.9%，地震室内安全做法知晓率为57. 6%，洪水逃生技巧知晓率为43.6%。健康行为方面，55.1%的居民从不会喝生水，54.9%的居民能掌握正确的洗手方式，86.4%的居民会在做菜时将生熟分开。Logistic回归分析结果显示，健康知识知晓率与民族(OR=0.240, 95% CI=0.146~0.396)、文化程度(OR=1.179, 95% CI=1.049~1.326)相关，健康行为形成率与地区(OR=1.266, 95% CI=1.020~1.570)、民族(OR=0.244, 95% CI=0.148~0.401)、文化程度(OR=1.388, 95% CI=1.243~1.551)、家庭总收入(OR=1.172, 95% CI=1.034~1.329)相关。结论 四川省居民自然灾害健康知识认知和健康行为形成存在问题，应广泛开展健康宣教活动，提高居民自救互救能力和防灾减灾意识，减少健康风险。

Disaster health knowledge and behavior and its influencing factors among residents in natural disaster-prone areas of Sichuan

e To investigate the health knowledge and behavior of residents and its influencing factors，so as to providescientific basis for further health education. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among residents in Shifangcounty，Luxian county and Yuexi county. Ｒesults 1 600 people were investigated in this study. In terms of health knowledge，the awareness rate of respiratory infectious diseases was 9. 4% ，and the awareness rate of gastrointestinal infectious diseases was16. 2% ，and that of emergency phone was 66. 6% . Moreover，the awareness rate of earthquake outdoor safety practices was91. 9% ，and the awareness rate of indoor safety practices was 57. 6% ，and the awareness rate of flood escape skills was43. 6%. In the health behavior aspect，55. 1% of the people investigated never drank raw water and 54. 9% washed theirhands correctly，86. 4% separated raw and cooked foods. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the knowledgeawareness rate was related to nationality ( OＲ = 0. 240，95% CI = 0. 146 － 0. 396) and education ( OＲ = 1. 179，95% CI =1. 049 － 1. 326) ，the formation rate of health behavior was related to region ( OＲ = 1. 266，95% CI = 1. 020 － 1. 570 ) ，nationality ( OＲ = 0. 244，95% CI = 0. 148 － 0. 401) ，education ( OＲ = 1. 388，95% CI = 1. 243 － 1. 551) and total familyincome ( OＲ = 1. 172，95% CI = 1. 034 － 1. 329) . Conclusion Health education activities should be widely carried out toimprove residents’ability of self － help and mutual rescue and awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation，so as to reducehealth risk