上海市地表灰尘中PAHs季节变化与功能区差异

研究了上海市中心城区地表灰尘中多环芳烃（PAHs）的季节变化与功能区差异，并探讨了这种变化特征的原因.结果表明，上海市中心城区地表灰尘中PAHs累积水平具有显著的季节变化，PAHs总量和组分均表现出冬季含量高于夏季的特征.冬季样品中PAHs含量为9 176～32?573 ng·g^-1，平均值为20 648 ng·g^-1；而夏季PAHs含量为6?875～27?766 ng·g^-1，平均值仅为14?098 ng·g^-1.PAHs组分也表现出相似特征，冬季含量为50(二氢苊)～3 162 ng·g^-1 (茚并［1,2,3-c,d ］芘)，夏季含量为3(苊)～1 485 ng·g^-1 (茚并［1,2,3-c,d ］芘).各个功能区地表灰尘PAHs含量的差异明显.冬季最高值出现在工业区（31 163 ng·g^-1）、商业区（24 932 ng·g^-1）和交通要道（18 815 ng·g^-1），最低值出现在公园（7 885 ng·g^-1）和绿地（8 036 ng·g^-1）；夏季最低值出现在公园（7 942 ng·g^-1），最高值出现在交通要道（14 528 ng·g^-1）、工业区（14 247 ng·g^-1）和商业区（11 523 ng·g^-1）.所有功能区样品中PAHs组分含量呈现出按环数或分子量的增加而逐渐升高的趋势.大城市地表灰尘中PAHs的季节变化与功能区差异与其来源密切相关，也受到各组分理化性质的影响.

Seasonal Variation and Function-area Difference of PAHs in Road Dust from Shanghai Urban Area

Seasonal variation and function-area difference of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust from Shanghai centre area were studied, and the probable reasons were also discussed. The result showed that the accumulation level of PAHs varied significantly from winter to summer, namely, and the concentrations of total PAHs and the homologues in winter were higher than that in summer. Total PAH concentrations (t-PAH) in winter samples ranged from 9176 to 32,573 ng x g(-1), with a mean value of 20,648 ng x g(-1), whereas they varied from 6875 to 27,766 ng x g(-1) in summer, with an average of 14098 ng x g(-1). The individual PAHs composition ranged from 50 (acenaphthylene) to 3162 (indeno (1,2,3,-cd) pyrene) ng x g(-1) in winter, and 3 (acenaphthene) to 1485 (indeno(1,2,3,-cd) pyrene) ng x g(-1) in summer. The results exhibited that the levels showed a great rise from summer to winter. The difference of PAHs concentrations in road dust from functional areas were also obvious, that is, in winter, PAHs concentrations in road dust at industrial area (ID), commercial area (CO) and traffic area (TR) were much higher than those in other areas, with t-PAH mean concentration of 31 163, 24 932 and 18 815 ng x g(-1) resepectively, while city park (CP) and public lawn (PL) had the lowest level (7885, 8036 ng x g(-1)). In summer, the lowest concentration (7942 ng x g(-1)) appeared in CP, however, TR, ID and CO were the most polluted areas, with t-PAH mean concentration of 14,528, 14,247 and 11,523 ng x g(-1), respectively. The concentration of PAH homologues raised gradually with the ring number or molecular weight. Seasonal variation and function-area difference of PAHs in road dust from urban area correlated with both their sources and their physical and chemical characteristics.