长三角快速城市化地区土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响——以嘉兴市为例

基于浙江省嘉兴市1979~2012年的土地利用数据,评估了各种土地利用类型的生态系统服务价值,分析了30多年来嘉兴市土地生态系统服务价值的动态变化及其对土地利用变化和景观格局变化的响应。结果表明:(1)1979~2012年,嘉兴市建设用地面积变化最大,增加了136.6%,相应的耕地面积减少了15.5%。(2)1979~2012年,嘉兴市景观破碎度指数从0.6531上升到0.8762,随着城市化进程的加剧,耕地景观破碎度指数不断增加、聚集度指数减小。(3)1979~2012年,嘉兴市的总生态系统服务价值减少了14.7%,2000~2012年嘉兴市总的生态系统服务价值减少尤为显著,生态系统各单项服务价值整体也呈现下降趋势,耕地为嘉兴市提供的生态系统服务占嘉兴市总生态系统服务的70%以上。(4)运用相关分析方法对嘉兴市土地利用类型和景观格局对土地生态系统服务价值的影响分析表明,耕地和水域与生态服务价值呈正相关,而建设用地和未利用地与生态服务价值呈负相关;景观多样性指数(SHDI)和耕地破碎度指数与生态系统服务总价值呈显著负相关关系。

EFFECTS OF LAND USE CHANGE ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICE VALUE IN RAPID URBANIZATION AREAS IN YANGTZE RIVER DELTA——A CASE STUDY OF JIAXING CITY

Land use change and ecosystem services value dynamic change were studied based on the remote sensing interpretation data from 1979 to 2012 in Jiaxing City of Zhejiang province.The responses of land use change and landscape pattem change on ecosystem service value was further analyzed.The results showed that:(1) the area of construction land increased by 136.6％ from 1979 to 2012.Correspondingly,the area of cropland decreased 15.5％ from 1979 to 2012.(2) With the intensification of urbanization,the landscape fragmentation index increased from 0.6531 to 0.8762 from 1979 to 2012.The fragmentation index of farmland landscape increased significantly.Farmland ecosystem tends to be fragmented.(3) The total ecosystem service value decreased 14.7％ in Jiaxing City from 1979 to 2012.Ecosystem service value decreased significantly during 2000-2012.As a whole,the individual ecosystem service value showed a downward trend.The arable land supplied over 70％ ecosystem services for Jiaxing City.(4) The area of cultivated land and water area was positively correlated with the ecosystem services value.The area of construction land and unused land was negatively correlated with the ecosystem services value.It showed a significant negative correlation between landscape diversity index,fragmentation index of cultivated land and the ecosystem services value.