国外建筑学高等教育研究热点前沿与启示

近10年国外建筑学教学与教学研究蓬勃发展,基于Web of Science核心数据库,利用文献计量软件探究建筑学教育主要概况、研究热点与发展阶段。近年来国外建筑学教育研究整体趋势从初步设计转向设计研究、工程实践、知识体系、利用技术与科学手段教学。领域热点主要集中在工作室设计课、理论课、数字技术课程的创新与发展,重视思维能力、跨学科、可持续性、实践等教学理念,关注认知分类、学生兴趣、项目导向、通信技术等教学方法,以及多元化的教学评估。通过国外研究热点分析以及结合国内建筑学高等教育窘境,在建筑学教学改革方面,基于设计与理论课程、教学理念与教学方法创新,以设计课程为轴线,融通符合时代需求的多专业、技术性、实践化的综合知识;在建筑学教学研究方面,构建以学生为课程主体的教学模式,让学习成果补给课题研究,此外建筑学高校教师应以学科“本体”研究为内核,形成交叉学科研究体系。国内新工科背景下建立良性的教学与研究供给关系可作为建筑学可持续发展的观念与手段。通过对国外近10年建筑学教育相关文献进行分类梳理与热点追踪,希望为国内当前建筑教学研究与教学改革提供思路。

Research frontiers and and enlightenment of foreign architecture education

In recent 10 years, architecture education abroad has been developing vigorously. Based on the core database of Web of Science, this paper uses bibliometric software to explore the overview, research highlights and development stages of architecture education. In recent years, the overall trend of architecture education research abroad has shifted from preliminary design to design research, engineering practice, knowledge system, and the use of technology and scientific means for teaching. The research highlights mainly focus on the architecture design studio and theoretical course innovation and diverse teaching evaluation; teaching concepts like thinking ability, interdisciplinary, sustainability and practice; teaching methods like Bloom Taxonomy, student interest, project based learning and ICT development; as well as diversified teaching evaluation. Through the analysis of foreign research highlights and in combination with the dilemma of domestic architecture education, in the aspect of architecture teaching reform, based on innovation in design and theoretical courses, teaching concepts, and teaching methods, the courses should integrate multidisciplinary, technical, and practical comprehensive knowledge that meets the needs of the times. In the field of architecture teaching research, curriculum should construct the teaching mode with students as the main body, allowing students'' learning outcomes to supplement research projects. In addition, teachers should take architecture "identity" research as the core and form the interdisciplinary research system. Establishing a benign supply relationship between teaching and research in the context of new engineering in China can serve as a concept and means for sustainable development of architecture in university. This article aims to provide ideas for current architecture teaching research and teaching reform in China by sorting out and tracking relevant literature on architecture education in the past 10 years abroad.