钼污染水体处理技术研究进展

钼是一种重要的稀有金属,但近年来钼污染频发,对生态环境安全和人体健康造成了严重的影响。本文综述了目前国内外对环境中钼污染的处理技术(包括人工湿地法、化学沉淀法、离子交换法及吸附法),详细介绍了各种技术的处理效果、影响因素及相关模型。人工湿地虽能将钼分离出水体,但含有钼的基质和功能植物存在污染转移等不可控风险;化学沉淀法对中低浓度污水的去除效果较好,但剩余污泥较难处理,不能被循环利用;离子交换法能有效将污钼分离出水体,并通过解吸实现树脂多次利用,但树脂适应性较差,对pH值等反应控制条件要求较高;传统材料为主的吸附法使用廉价材料富集污染物质,但存在二次污染的问题。最后指出钼污染处理的新型功能材料将向低成本和资源化的方向发展,铁基材料具有较好的前景。

Research progress of molybdenum polluted water treatment technology

Molybdenum(Mo) is an important rare metal,but recently molybdenum pollution occurres frequently,which poses a great potential risk on eco-environmental safety and human health. This paper reviews different treatment techniques(including artificial wet-land,chemical precipitation,ion exchange and adsorption),influence factors,and related removal model for molybdenum removal from aqueous media. Artificial wet-land is able to immobilize Mo from water,but Mo-containing substance and functional plants exist as another pollutants. Chemical precipitation shows a higher removal efficiency to wastewater with medium/low level of Mo,but excessive sludge is difficult to handle. Ion exchange can separate molybdenum from pollutants effectively and achieve secondary use by desorption,but poor adaptability of resin requires strict pH controlled conditions. Conventional adsorption utilizes inexpensive material to concentrate pollutants,but the subsequent material can cause secondary pollution. Development of cost-effective and resource-reusable functional materials will be promising for Mo immobilization,and iron-based materials have bright prospect.