基于分时电价和激励补贴机制的家庭能量双层优化模型

为了降低居民日负荷曲线峰谷差,提高居民参与电网需求响应的积极性之前,文章基于分时电价和激励机制,提出双层模型实现家庭能量的优化调度。该模型以需求侧响应为手段,以家庭能量优化为策略,实现供电端与用电端的互动,刻画出电价、激励机制与用户用电行为之间的交互关系。外层模型在分时电价的环境下,采用模糊C-均值聚类算法(fuzzy C-means algorithm, FCM)对用户用电情况进行分析,以日负荷曲线削峰填谷为目标,设计包含激励补贴和峰谷系数的电力套餐。内层模型基于电力套餐实现家用电器的智能管理,模拟实施套餐前后的居民日负荷曲线,实时调整用电计划,使用户日负荷曲线满足电力套餐中的峰谷系数。通过仿真验证双层优化模型有效降低了用户日负荷曲线的峰谷差,且设计的电力套餐在用户侧有一定的实用性,有利于用户更加积极地参与电网的优化调度,满足电网削峰填谷的要求。

Two-Tier Optimization Model of Home Energy Considering Time-of-Use Electricity Price and Incentive Subsidy Mechanism

A two-tier model is proposed to control the peak-valley difference of daily load curve of users and to optimize electricity consumption for smart home. This model takes demand-side response as the means and household energy optimization as the strategy to realize the interaction between the power supply end and the power consumption end, and describes the interactive relationship among the price of electricity, incentive mechanism and users’ power consumption behavior. In the environment of time-of-use (TOU) price, the outer model adopts FCM algorithm to analyze the power consumption of users, and designs the power package including incentive subsidy and peak-valley coefficient with the goal of peak-valley load curve clipping. The inner layer model realizes the intelligent management of household appliances applying the power package, simulates the daily load curve of residents before and after the implementation of the power package, adjusts the electricity consumption plan in real time, and enables the daily load curve of users to meet the peak-valley coefficient of the power package. Through simulation, it is verified that the two-tier optimization model proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the peak-valley difference of the daily load curve of users, and the designed power package is practical to a certain extent on the user side, which is beneficial for users to participate more actively in the optimization scheduling of the power grid and meet the requirements of peak load reduction and valley filling of the power grid.