基于PPGIS的乡村旅游社区景观价值变化研究——以丽江束河古镇为例

景观价值是人对环境的主观感知和效用评价，景观价值变化的研究能够帮助理解旅游社区的社会现象。以丽江束河古镇为例，采用参与式制图与半结构化访谈方法调查当地居民对旅游开发前后的感知景观价值，最终获取的有效问卷与填图为293份，提取空间数据点658个。通过对访谈结果进行编码和归纳得到旅游开发前后各7种景观价值类型。采用质性分析和空间分析的混合研究路径，揭示旅游开发前后景观价值类型及空间构成变化。研究结果表明：① 旅游开发前后案例社区景观价值的重要性发生了变化，旅游开发后出现了新的景观价值类型；② 景观价值在空间上呈集聚状分布，旅游开发使得景观价值分布的景观节点类型愈加丰富，并形成了新的分布集聚区域；③ 从景观价值的空间复合分布来看，案例社区可以区分出基础价值空间和主体价值空间，旅游开发对2种空间都有改变作用。旅游开发使得研究区价值空间发生变化，出现空间置换、文化空间异化和传统价值空间的消失与社区的娱乐化现象；④ PPGIS与质性分析的结合，为社区居民表达诉求提供了一种技术手段，为规划管理者理解社区复杂话语和社会现象提供了新的途径。

Landscape Value in Rural Community Based on PPGIS: A Case Study on Shuhe Old Town of Lijiang

Landscape value is human’s subjective perception and evaluation to environment.It reflects present landscape utilization modes in community that are inconsistent with locals’anticipation to landscape.The changes of environment can lead to the changes of residents’perception,as well as landscape values.Thus,many complicated issues are generated during development process especially in rural tourism community.To study the changes of landscape value is essential to enhance the understanding of some social phenomenon in tourism community and can also provide strategies for planning.However,this problem has not been researched comprehensively and systematically.In this article,we combine participatory mapping method and semi-structured interview to investigate local’s perception of landscape value before and after tourism development at Shuhe Old Town in Lijiang,with 293 sets of effective questionnaires and paper maps generated.Eventually,there are 658 geospatial points captured in total.Through a coding and inductive analysis to the interview text,7 landscape value types are respectively generated before and after tourism development.Further,in order to explore the spatial construction changes of landscape value,spatial analysis is applied.Results show that:1)The importance of landscape value has changed before and after tourism development and new landscape value emerged after tourism development.The dominant landscape value before tourism development is resource and environment value.However,recreation value becomes the most perceived landscape value after tourism development.2)Landscape value has a clustered distribution spatially.The tourism development expands the distribution range of landscape value and some new concentration area existed,which is related to residents’interaction with the landscape,their emotional connection to the place,and their functional dependence on the community.3)From the view of spatial compound distribution,fundamental value space and main value space exist in the study area,which the tourism development has an influence on both of them.Under the development of tourism,space value has a change,including space substitution,culture space dissimilation,traditional value space disappearance and entertainment orientation in community.4)The integration of PPGIS and qualitative analysis can contribute to express local people’s appeals technically.In addition,it can provide new ways to make clear of complicated discourse and social phenomenon.