2012-2018年西宁地区手足口病病原检测结果分析

目的分析2012-2018年西宁地区手足口病病原学特点,为手足口病防控提供科学依据。方法应用实时荧光RT-PCR法对2012-2018年西宁地区疑似手足口病病例咽拭子标本进行肠道病毒71型(enterovirus 71,EV 71)、柯萨奇病毒A组16型(coxsackie virus A16,Cox A16)和非EV 71/非Cox A16的其他肠道病毒(其他EV)进行核酸检测,并对结果进行分析。结果共检测标本2855份,检出核酸阳性标本2176份,病毒核酸阳性率为76.22%,其中EV 71、Cox A16和其他肠道病毒核酸阳性率分别为28.68%、25.09%和46.23%,以其他肠道病毒为主要型别。发病人群集中在1~5岁组,构成比为91.04%(1981/2176);男性病例阳性率稍高于女性(χ^2=8.647,P=0.004);全年均有发病,发病高峰在6~7月,具有明显的季节性。结论西宁地区各年手足口病病原谱有所不同,近几年其他肠道病毒所占比例逐渐增大,应加强对EV 71和Cox A16以外其他肠道病毒的监测,为更好地做好手足口病的防控工作提供病原学依据。

Analysis of hand,foot and mouth disease etiology detection results in Xining from 2012 to 2018

Objective To analyze the etiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in Xining from 2012 to 2018,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD.Methods Enterovirus 71(EV 71),coxsackie virus A16(Cox A16)and other enteroviruses(other EV)non-EV 71/non-Cox A16 from the throat swab specimens of suspected HFMD cases in Xining region from 2012 to 2018 were detected by the real-time fluorescent RT-PCR method,and the results were analyzed.Results A total of 2855 specimens were detected,and 2176 nucleic acid positive specimens were detected.The positive rate of viral nucleic acid was 76.22%,among which EV 71,Cox A16 and other enteroviruses nucleic acid positive rates were 28.68%,25.09%and 46.23%,respectively.Other enteroviruses were the main types.The incidence of the disease was concentrated in the 1~5 years old group,with a composition ratio of 91.04%(1981/2176).The positive rate of male cases was slightly higher than that of female cases(χ^2=8.647,P=0.004).There was morbidity throughout the year,and the peak incidence was from June to July,with obvious seasonality.Conclusion The etiological spectrum of HFMD in Xining is different from year to year.The proportion of other enteroviruses has increased gradually in recent years.It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of other enteroviruses other than EV 71 and Cox A16,so as to provide etiological basis for better prevention and control of HFMD.