Response of phosphine-resistant mixed-age cultures of lesser grain borer,Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) to different phosphine-carbon dioxide mixtures |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA;2. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA;1. College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China;2. Forest Diseases and Insect Pests Control, Quarantine Station of Chaohu City, Chaohu, China;3. Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China;4. State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China;1. NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Private Mail Bag, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia;2. Plant Biosecurity Co-Operative Research Centre, LPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia;3. Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia;4. Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Locked Bag 4 Bentley Delivery Centre, WA, 6983, Australia;5. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia;1. IRTA, Ctra Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain;2. USDA-ARS North Central Agricultural Research Services, Brookings, SD 57006, USA;1. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;2. Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, GPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Mixed-age cultures of a phosphine-resistant strain of lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) were exposed to various concentrations of phosphine and phosphine plus 10, 20 and 30% carbon dioxide combinations (CO2) for different time intervals at 25 °C to evaluate the comparative efficacy of admixtures of phosphine-CO2. The mortality data of the mixed age cultures were recorded taking the adult count at weekly intervals for 8 weeks. Lethal concentrations were determined by probit analysis. Phosphine with carbon dioxide exerted significant synergistic effect on the mortality of mixed-age cultures at 4, 6 and 7 days of exposure, while individually phosphine or carbon dioxide did not show a raised increase in their response. The addition of 30% carbon dioxide to lower concentrations of phosphine over shorter exposures of 4 days showed better synergistic effect among the treatments. The present study revealed that CO2 augmented the effect of phosphine thereby reducing the concentration and exposure time required to bring about significant mortality in the mixed-age cultures of R. dominica. |
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| Keywords: | Phosphine Carbon dioxide Synergism |
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