老年股骨颈骨折的内固定治疗

目的 探讨内固定治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效. 方法回顾研究2000年1月至2007年12月采用内固定治疗且获得随访的139例老年股骨颈骨折患者资料,其中男52例,女87例;年龄65～93岁,平均71.6岁;受伤至入院时间为1 h～30 d,平均56.7 h.骨折按Garden分型:Ⅰ型17例,Ⅱ型43例,Ⅲ型62例,Ⅳ型17例.移位骨折79例,非移位骨折60例.内固定材料:空心钉131例,动力髋螺钉5例,动力髋螺钉加空心钉3例.对患者住院时间、骨折愈合率、术后并发症、股骨头缺血坏死率、内固定失效率及患者功能恢复情况进行总结分析. 结果 139例患者住院时间为5～59 d,平均15.4 d.术后获7～77个月(平均35个月)随访.骨折愈合126例,占90.6%(126/139);愈合时间2～12个月,平均6.2个月.其中22例患者术后出现并发症.骨折不愈合内固定失效13例,占9.4%(13/139);股骨头缺血性坏死9例,占6.5%(9/139).正常行走者81例,占58.3%(81/139),需要助行器械者50例,占36.0%(50/139),不能行走者8例,占5.7%(8/139).结论 老年股骨颈骨折内固定治疗骨折愈合率高,股骨头缺血坏死率较低,内固定治疗老年股骨颈骨折具有积极意义.术前病情评估和合并症的积极治疗非常重要,条件允许时应尽早手术.

Internal fixation of femoral neck fractures in the elderly

Objective To evaluate the outcome of the old patients who were treated for femoral neck fractures in our hospital during 2000-2007. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate outcomes of the 139 old patients who had received internal fixation for femoral neck fractures in our department during 2000-2007. The mechanism of injury, duration between injury and hospitalization, severity of fracture, anamnesis, time of hospital stay, anaesthesia, operation, postoperative complications, fracture healing, in-cidence of avascular necrosis of femoral head, failure of fixation, and functional restoration of the patients were documented. Results Fracture healing was found in 126 cases (90.6%). Time to healing ranged from 2 to 20 months (average, 6.2 months). Failure of fixation and nonunion were found in 13 cases (9.4%). Avascular necrosis of femoral head occurred in 9 cases (6.5% ). Of them, 81 patients(58.3%) restored their gait as normal as before whereas 50 patients(36.0%) walked with crutches. Conclusions Internal fix-ation can be suggested for old patients with femoral neck fracture, considering a high rate of fracture healing and a low rate of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Early operation is recommended if the general con-dition of the patient has been well controlled.