浅谈以电力为中心的绿色能源战略

能源发展要以电力为中心似乎是个老问题,我国从1985年开始,经“七五”、“八五”、“九五”、“十五”直到2020年,一直坚持“能源发展以电力为中心,煤炭为基础”,但在新形势下,重提“以电力为中心”就具有特殊意义.新形势下,不仅煤炭清洁利用要求把更多的煤炭转变成电力,而且可再生能源和新能源替代化石能源时,大部分也必须转换成电力,保护生态环境和应对气候变化也必须以电力为中心.我国自1985年提出能源工业的发展要以电力为中心以后,电力工业有了长足的发展,电力在全国的覆盖面大大提高,电气化程度快速上升.2010年我国电煤占煤炭消费量的比重、电力占一次能源消费量的比重、电能占终端能源消费量的比重,都比1985年提高了1-2倍.在大能源观的指导下,中国的绿色能源战略是:节能；解决煤烟污染,方法是煤炭利用要以电力为中心；发展天然气,用天然气替代发电以外的用煤,将替代下来的煤炭供发电用；发展水电和核电,对中国来说,水电、核电是能源工业以电力为中心的重要内容；开发新能源,新能源绝大多数需要转变成电力来使用,所以绿色能源战略要以电力为中心.我国要实现用低碳、无碳能源替代化石能源的第三次能源大转换,需要做好替代能源的选择；研究建立非化石能源的电力辅助服务设施；建立适应我国电力工业需要的智能电网；加强大规模储能设施的研究开发；加强用能设施的研究等各方面的工作.中国在没有完成两次能源大转换的落后条件下,要通过第三次能源大转换迎头赶上.

A Discussion on Power-based Green Energy Strategy

That energy development should center on electricity seems an old topic.From 1985 up to 2020,China,which has undergone the seventh,eighth,ninth and tenth Five Year Plans,will stick to the strategy of giving priority to electricity in developing energy and basing energy development on coal.Under the new circumstances,restating the strategy of giving priority to electricity in energy development is of special significance.To utilize coal in a cleaner way,we have to convert more coal to electricity.Additionally,when using renewable energy and alternative energy to fossil fuels,we have to convert most of them to electricity as well.Our efforts to protect the environment and combat climate change should also center on electricity.Since this electricity-centered energy development strategy was first proposed in 1985,the domestic power industry has been growing dramatically with access to electricity across the country increased greatly and electrification growing rapidly.In 2010,the share of coal used in power generation in China′s total coal consumption,the share of electricity in the country′s primary energy consumption and the share of electricity in end user energy consumption all increased 1-2 fold compared to 1985.Guided by the national energy guidelines,China′s green energy strategy is outlined as: Saving energy;controlling soot pollution by giving priority to electricity production in using coal;developing natural gas,using natural gas to replace coal in areas other than power generation,and using the coal replaced by natural gas to generate electricity;developing hydropower and nuclear power as for China hydropower and nuclear power are important parts of the strategy of making electricity priority in energy use;and developing alternative energy sources.Most alternative energy sources need to be converted to electricity and therefore a green energy strategy must center on electricity.To replace fossil fuels with low-carbon or carbon-free energy sources,China must carefully select the alternative energy sources,research and establish non-fossil fuel-based power auxiliary service facilities,develop smart grids tailored to the domestic power industry,strengthen the research and development of large-capacity energy storage facilities,and step up the research on energy utilization facilities.Having fallen behind in the first two grand energy conversions,China should catch up in the third one.