中国新一轮电力改革十问

本文采用了问答的形式,总结了在前三十年的改革开放中,电力部门的市场化改革取得的巨大成绩和经验。本文指出,电力部门需要继续推动新一轮改革,以应对气候变化、环境保护和节约资源的严峻挑战,以及克服市场化所遗留的问题。作者强调,优化结构、提高效率、减低成本、提供消费者可负担起的、绿色低碳的电力服务是新一轮电力改革的目标。本文认为切忌从理论条条出发和迷信市场竞争力为灵丹妙药,分析如何把市场机制和加强监管紧密结合起来,走出一条符合中国国情的电力可持续发展的道路。作者建议在推动"竞价上网"环节,使环境成本价格化,供应端和需求端参与电力服务竞争,满足可再生能源市场份额制,鼓励清洁电源发展和降低煤电比例和控制煤炭消费总量,达到电力结构的清洁、绿色和低碳化。在"输配电"环节,充实和加强国家电监会的价格监管和社会责任监管。电网公司要保障电力供应安全,实施绿色节能调度和完成节电目标。电网公司管理系统要扁平化、分散化、透明化和一体化。大力发展超智能电网和信息通信技术。

Ten Questions of New Power Reform in China

This paper uses the questionnaire to investigate and summarize the experience and enormous successes of China's power sector reform during 30 years of reform and opening. The paper argues that the power sector must promote a new round of reform in order to address the pressing challenges of climate change, environmental protection and resource conservation, and to overcome the problems left behind by marketization. The authors stress that the purpose of a new round of power sector reform is to provide a structure-optimized, system-efficient, low-cost, affordable price, green and low-carbon power service. It con-siders avoiding adherence to theory and blindly faith in market competition as a panacea, and instead stresses the need to analyze how to closely integrate market mechanisms with strengthened regulation, and take the path of sustainable development of China's power sector suitable for China's real conditions. The author recommends that it should promote on-grid price competition, and tools such as environmental costs pricing, supply-side and demand-side participation in power service competition, satisfying the renewable energy mar-ket share system, encouraging the development of clean power sources, reducing the relative proportion of coal-fired power generation, and a coal consumption cap, in order to achieve a clean, green and low-carbon power sector. In power transmission and distribution, the authors think that the price regulation and social responsible supervision by the State Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC) should be strengthened. Further, the power grid companies must ensure security of the power supply, implement green and energy-efficient dispatching and complete energy-savings targets. The management systems of power grid companies must be flattened, decentralized, transparent and integrated, and super-smart grid and information communications technology must be actively developed.