银行业改革与国有商业银行网点空间布局——以中国工商银行和中国银行为例

伴随着国有商业银行股份制改革,中国国有商业银行在全国的网点布局发生了战略性变化。在经营效益的驱动下,银行采取集中化策略,大幅度减少基础网点数目,而增加支行数目。两类网点地理分布的空间不均衡性加大,地理集中度上升。网点布局向主要经济增长极集中,而从边疆地区与落后地区撤离。对中国工商银行和中国银行基础网点及支行空间分布统计分析表明,两者的两类网点的地理分布在股份制改革后均发生了较大的变化,基础网点更加接近主要客户群体,支行则更加集中在经济发展较好的地区。结合自身的业务优势与特点,两者在两类网点的区位选择上也有一定的差别。国有商业银行经营效益导向的网点布局战略将可能带来落后地区的金融排斥问题。

Banking reform and locational strategy of state-owned commercial banks in China: An empirical study of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and Bank of China

With the reform of state-owned commercial banks,spatial distribution of China's state-owned commercial banks has also undergone great changes.Driven by operational efficiency,ICBC's and BOC's savings outlets are significantly reduced,whereas their branches are increased,their regional unevenness and geographical concentration are both increased: the main economic growth poles enjoy a boom,while the border and less developed areas suffer from a recession.According to the econometric result,the geographical distribution of ICBC's and BOC's types of outlets has been changed largely after the reform.The savings outlets become closer to main customer groups,while branches have become more concentrated in areas with better economic development.Taking their own business advantages and characteristics into account,ICBC and BOC show some differences in location choice.The strategy of state-owned commercial banks on outlet distribution may cause the less developed areas suffer from financial exclusion in terms of operational efficiency.