玻璃体注射抗VEGF药物对全身VEGF浓度的影响

脉络膜视网膜疾病已经成为影响人类视力的严重问题，血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF)的异常表达导致眼底血管通透性增加和新生血管的形成。玻璃体抗VEGF药物注射可快速抑制眼内VEGF水平，有效控制疾病发展，目前抗VEGF治疗已成为眼科广泛应用的治疗手段。然而，研究表明玻璃体内抗VEGF药物进入循环系统后降低血浆VEGF浓度，药物无意义的脱靶效应可能导致全身不良反应。对于高龄患者、患有严重合并症患者、哺乳期妇女、早产儿等特殊人群，应关注多次注射后的全身VEGF抑制。本文通过探讨抗VEGF治疗的药物代谢动力学、全身不良反应、对侧眼效应、对母乳和早产儿的影响，对玻璃体注射抗VEGF药物的全身影响进行综述，以期对临床抗VEGF治疗提供可参考的信息。

Effect of intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents on systemic concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor

Chorioretinal disease has become a significant problem affecting human vision. Abnormal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)leads to increased fundus permeability and neovascularization. Vitreous injection of anti-VEGF agents can rapidly inhibit the level of VEGF in the eye and effectively control the development of the disease. At present, anti-VEGF agents are widely administered in ophthalmology. However, studies have shown that intravitreal anti-VEGF agents can reduce plasma VEGF concentration after entering the circulatory system, and the pointless off-target effects of drugs may lead to systemic adverse reactions. For elderly patients, patients with serious comorbidities, lactating women, premature infants and other special populations, attention should be paid to systemic VEGF inhibition after multiple injections. In this paper, in order to provide reference for clinical anti-VEGF therapy, the pharmacokinetics therapy, systemic adverse reactions, contralateral eye effects, and effects of anti-VEGF on breast milk and preterm infants were discussed, and the systemic effects of vitreous injection of anti-VEGF agents were reviewed.