劳动力流动、农民人均工资性收入与城乡收入差距

农民工资地区趋同、行业差异区域缩小、城乡收入差距与农村居民工资性收入占比同势变化的中国城乡经济特征事实,表明劳动力用脚投票,流向差距小的地区,同时也发现劳动力流动、农民人均工资性收入和城乡收入差距存在因果循环关系,并运用1990-2012年中国省级面板数据,建立联立方程模型进行计量分析,检验结果表明:农民受教育水平与人均工资性收入呈现非线性关系.劳动力流动是农民人均工资性收入及份额提高的重要途径,增加地区的农民人均工资性收入份额是改变城乡收入差距空间格局的重要手段.因此,流入地中城乡收入差距大的地区可以通过吸引更多农村流动劳动力而改善本地区的城乡收入差距,流出地则可以通过增加更多的流出人口缩小该地区的城乡收入差距.然而从流入地农民人均工资性收入在区域间所占比重看,容易形成“城乡收入差距大—农民工资性收入份额低—城乡收入差距大”的恶性循环.从农村劳动力流动视角解释城乡收入差距空间格局保持不变的原因在于,农村劳动力的流动会使流入地的农民人均工资性收入及份额增加幅度、城乡收入差距的缩小幅度均超过流出地.

Labor mobility, rural per capital wage income and urban-rural income gap

The macro facts of China urban and rural that the convergence of farmer''s wage income and industrial difference are narrowing between regions, the trend of urban-rural income gap is the same as the share of rural per capital wage income in all regions, show that the labor force by "foot vote" will flow to the areas with smaller income gap. This research elaborates the causal relationship between labor mobility, rural per capital wage income and urban-rural income gap, and establishes simultaneous equations using 1990-2012 China provincial panel data, The results conclude:There exists inverted "U" shaped relationship between rural per capital income wage and rural average education. Labor mobility is an important way to increase rural per capita wage income and the proportion, and increasing the share of the rural per capital wage income in all regions is important to change the spatial pattern of urban-rural income gap. Therefore, for the population inflow region, larger urban-rural income gap can narrow local income gap by attracting more migrant labor; for the population outflow region, larger urban-rural income gap can narrow local income gap by adding more migrant labor to increase rural per capital wage income. However, from the viewpoint of regional proportion of rural per capital wage income in the region where the population flow in, the population inflow region form such vicious circle "lager income gap-lower proportion of rural per capital wage income-larger income gap". Finally, from the perspective of rural labor mobility, the paper attributes the spatial patterns of urban-rural income gap remains unchanged to the facts that labor mobility brings rural per capital wage income in the population inflow region more than the population outflow region, and also the urban-rural income gap in the population region narrowing more than the population outflow region.