超高强度马氏体时效钢研究进展

马氏体时效钢是一类特殊的超高强度钢,主要依靠在超低碳铁镍马氏体基体上析出金属间化合物沉淀相进行强化,具有非常优异的综合力学性能与加工工艺性能,在航空航天、机械制造、原子能和军事等领域得到了广泛应用.综述了马氏体时效钢的发展历史,针对其良好的强韧性匹配,从合金化、组织结构、力学性能等方面概述了马氏体时效钢当前的研究现状,总结其高强韧的根源在于高密度纳米析出相可以控制位错的切割与绕过,增加弹性变形;析出相与基体晶格错配低,增加均匀塑性变形.最后,从超纯净冶炼、高温环境应用、无钴马氏体钢开发等方面对马氏体时效钢未来的发展趋势进行了展望.

Research Progress of Ultra-High Strength Maraging Steel

Maraging steel is one kind of unique ultra-high strength steel, which is strengthened by intermetallic compound precipitations generated on ultra-low carbon Fe-Ni martensite, has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and processing technology properties and has been widely used in aerospace, machinery manufacturing, atomic energy and military fields. In this work, the development history of maraging steel was reviewed. Aiming at the outstanding strength and toughness matching of maraging steel, the current research status of maraging steel was summarized from the aspects of alloying, microstructure, mechanical properties. The origin of high strength and toughness was that the high-density nano-precipitated phase controlled the cutting and bypassing of dislocations and increased elastic deformation; the lattice mismatch of the precipitated phase and the matrix was low, and uniform plastic deformation was increased. Finally, the future development trend of maraging steel was prospected from the aspects of ultra-pure smelting, high-temperature environment application, and development of cobalt-free maraging steel.