基质中化肥施入量对番茄幼苗生长的影响

【目的】在番茄育苗基质中施入不同比例的氮、磷、钾肥,比较不同化肥施入量对番茄幼苗生长的影响,为降低育苗成本、培育番茄优质壮苗提供参考。【方法】以番茄品种欧官为材料,采用穴盘育苗的方式,椰糠、沙子、商品有机肥（20:1:1）为基本基质配方,不同比例化肥施入量为变量,设置1个对照和5个处理,其他条件保持一致,测定番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗、最大叶面积、鲜重、干重、根长、根体积、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素等指标,比较基质中化肥施入量对番茄幼苗生长指标和生理生化指标的影响。【结果】各处理都对番茄幼苗产生了不同程度的影响,其中T₂处理的叶面积最大,为21.29 cm²;T₄处理的地上部分鲜重数值最高,为4.23 g;T₂、T₄处理的地下部分鲜重数值均高于对照,都为0.78 g;T₂处理根长最长,为15.54 cm;T₄处理的地下部分干重数值最高,为0.08 g;T₂处理根体积数值最高,为6.17 cm³;T₁、T₃、T₄处理的根冠比数值相同均为0.19;T₄处理的壮苗指数最高,为0.19;T₄处理G值最大,为0.013;T₂处理的可溶性糖含量与可溶性蛋白含量数值最大,分别为8.15 和11.88 mg/g;T₂处理的总叶绿素含量最大,为1.78 mg/g;其次是T₄处理,为1.72 mg/g。【结论】T₄处理（氮、磷、钾施入量分别为100、20和100 g/m³）的化肥施入量对番茄幼苗的生长有利,作为番茄育苗基质中的化肥施入量。

Effects of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth of Tomato Seedlings

【Objective】 When the original tomato matrix formula was adopted in Hetian region of Xinjiang,different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer were applied to cultivate tomato seedlings. 【Method】 Tomato 'ouguan' as the test material,adopt the method of raising seedlings with acupoints and plates,coconut bran, sand and organic fertilizer（20:1:1） were used as the basic matrix,One control and five different treatments were set with different fertilizer inputs,make sure all other conditions are consistent,plant height, stem diameter, maximum leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, root length, root volume, soluble sugar, soluble protein and chlorophyll were determined.The effects of different fertilizer rates on growth and physiological and biochemical indexes of tomato seedlings were compared. In order to provide theoretical basis for cultivating high quality tomato seedlings in Hetian area. 【Result】 All treatments had different effects on tomato seedlings, among which T₂ treatment had the largest leaf area was 21.29 cm². T₄ treatment has the highest fresh weight of the above-ground part, which was 4.23 g. The fresh weight of the underground part in T₂ and T₄ treatments was 0.78 g, which was higher than that of the control. T₂ treatment had the longest root length was 15.54 cm; The dry weight of underground part under T₄ treatment is the highest, which was 0.08 g. The value of root volume in T₂ treatment was the highest, which was 6.17 cm³. The root-shoot ratio of T₁, T₃ and T₄ was 0.19. T₄ treatment had the highest seedling index（0.19）. T₄ treatment had the highest G value, is 0.013. T₂ treatment had the highest soluble sugar content and soluble protein content, which were 8.15 mg/g and 11.88 mg/g, respectively. T₂ treatment had the highest total chlorophyll content, which was 1.78 mg/g. T₄ treatment was followed by 1.72 mg/g. 【Conclusion】 T₄（nitrogen-phosphate-potassium content of 100,20 and 100 g/m³） fertilizer was more beneficial to the growth of tomato seedlings.It is recommended as fertilizer formula for tomato seedling in Hetian region of Xinjiang.