我国电子废物非法拆解问题分析及环境管理政策建议

电子废物非法拆解容易引发突出的环境污染问题。深入研究电子废物非法拆解问题的背景情况,探究非法拆解形成的原因,对于引导废弃产品进入正规处理企业进行处理、降低电子废物环境污染风险具有重要意义。研究发现,电子废物非法拆解问题由来已久,其存在于从家电废弃到收集进入规范处理企业的任一流通环节中,主要情形包括"收荒者"就地拆解、中间商间歇性拆解、专业作坊非法拆解等。研究提出,规范拆解企业竞争力不强、基金补贴涵盖产品范围有限、基层环境监察执法难度较大是电子废物非法拆解问题产生的主要原因。因此,为促进电子废物进入规范企业处理,一是需要加强宏观政策支持,提高规范企业竞争力;二是要完善基金配套政策,促进废电器规范回收;三是要落实属地监管职责,强化环境监察执法。

Cause analysis of illegal dismantling of e-waste and recommendations of environmental management policy in China

The illegal dismantling of e-waste is likely to cause prominent environmental pollution problems. The study about the background and the reasons of the illegal dismantling of e-waste is of great significance for guiding the disposal of waste products into the formal processing enterprises, reducing the risk of environmental pollution of e-waste. The results show that the problem of illegal dismantling of e-waste has existed for a long time. It exists in any circulation link from the disposal of household appliances to the collection and entry into the standard processing enterprises. The main situations include the "recyclers" on-site dismantling,the intermediaries intermittently demolition and illegal dismantling of professional workshops. The problem of illegal dismantling is mainly due to the fact that the standard dismantling enterprise is not competitive, the fund subsidies cover a limited range of products, and the grassroots environmental supervision and enforcement is difficult. Therefore, in order to promote the entry of e-waste into regulated enterprises, we propose some environmental management policy recommendations. Firstly, it is necessary to strengthen macro-policy support and improve the competitiveness of enterprises. Secondly, the supporting policies of funds need to be improved to promote the recycling of waste electrical appliances. Thirdly, it is important to implement local supervision duties and strengthen environmental supervision and enforcement.