连续秸秆还田与耕作方式轮换对稻麦轮作田土壤理化性状变化及水稻产量构成的影响

为减少秸秆焚烧带来的环境污染,提高秸秆还田的利用效率,采用大田试验研究了连续秸秆还田与不同耕作方式对稻麦轮作田土壤理化性状变化及水稻产量构成的影响。结果表明:所有处理中,连续两年深耕+秸秆还田处理(DSⅡ)和一年免耕一年深耕+秸秆还田处理(NDS)对土壤容重的降低最有效;一年免耕一年浅翻耕+秸秆还田处理(NLS)最能有效增加土壤有机质含量;一年免耕一年翻耕和旋耕(NRS、NLS、NDS)以及连续两年旋耕处理(RSⅡ)增加土壤全土层全氮含量效果最明显;秸秆还田处理全土层速效磷含量增加较明显,但是不同耕作方式对全土层速效磷含量影响不显著。秸秆还田使水稻穗粒数、千粒重以及产量均减少,秸秆还田处理的穗粒数比无秸秆还田处理减少12.14%,千粒重平均低5.68%,产量低约7.68%。

Effects of Continuous Returning Straws to Field and Shifting Different Tillage Methods on Changes of Physical-Chemical Properties of Soil and Yield Components of Rice

In order to reduce the environmental pollution which caused by straw burning and improve the use efficiency of returning straws to field,the effects of continuous returning straws to field and different tillage methods on changes of physical-chemical properties of soil and yield composing factors of rice in farmland experiments were investigated.The results showed that deep tillage for two continuous years plus returning straws to field(DSⅡ) and no-tillage with deep tillage each one year plus returning straws to field(NDS) were the most effective way to decrease soil bulk density in all the treatments.No-tillage with shallow plowing each one year plus returning straws to field(NLS) was the most effective way to increase soil organic matter.No-tillage with plowing sums rotary tillage each one year and rotary tillage for continuous two years had the best effects on increasing total nitrogen in soil.Returning straws to field increased available phosphorus content more significantly,but different tillage methods had no effect Returning straws to field could reduce grain number per panicle,1000 grain weight and yields of rice.Grain number per panicle had been reduced by 12.14%,and 1000 grain weight had been reduced by 5.68% and yields had been reduced by 7.68%.